February 2024 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” Sports supplements can cause skin problems and may contain harmful substances.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
3 citations
,
November 2024 in “Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm women's health and their offspring.
3 citations
,
May 2021 in “PloS one” Many men misuse oral contraceptive pills for things like hair growth and muscle gain.
2 citations
,
July 2025 in “Forensic Sciences” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can damage the brain, causing mood and cognitive problems.
2 citations
,
May 2024 in “European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education” Many bodybuilders in Sergipe, Brazil use anabolic steroids, facing health risks like acne, irritability, and hypertension.
16 citations
,
February 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects Iranian women's feelings of femininity and self-image.
15 citations
,
October 2019 in “BMJ Open” PCOS is common in Brazilian women and linked to metabolic and reproductive issues.
2 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of science and medicine in sport” Exercise is crucial for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and improving overall health.
May 2024 in “Journal of Fungi” Tinea capitis in adults, especially postmenopausal Black women, needs prompt treatment with oral antifungals to avoid scarring.
3 citations
,
January 2015 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” A man developed a serious muscle breakdown condition after using a hair loss medication not known to cause this side effect.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
Supplements improve health, appearance, and athletic performance.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
May 1999 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” The gymnast's wrist pain and delayed menstruation are linked to intense exercise, requiring reduced activity and monitoring.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone therapy improves strength and body composition in older men with low testosterone.
14 citations
,
January 2008 in “Gene therapy” Gene therapy shows promise for enhancing physical traits but faces ethical, safety, and regulatory challenges.
20 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” The document concludes that there are still unknowns about the effectiveness, risks, and detection of performance-enhancing drugs, and doping remains a challenge.
9 citations
,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
98 citations
,
July 2001 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Physicians should promote natural performance improvement and question drug-enhanced achievements.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.
February 1999 in “Strength and Conditioning Journal” Androstenedione, a hormone supplement, doesn't improve muscle or performance and can cause harmful side effects.
January 2025 in “Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University)” Abusing anabolic steroids can cause serious health problems despite short-term muscle gains.
1 citations
,
May 2023 in “Farmacja Polska” Creatine supplementation is safe and effective for boosting energy and muscle growth, especially in high-intensity sports.
19 citations
,
October 2021 in “Medicine” Exercising women should be screened for anemia due to its prevalence and impact on performance.
506 citations
,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
Resistance exercise helps improve muscle protein balance disrupted by finasteride.
September 2022 in “International Journal of Health Sciences and Research” Resistance training improved BMI and menstrual regularity more in women with PCOS than aerobic training.
4 citations
,
March 2024 in “Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism” Interval training is better for heart and metabolic health in reproductive-aged females than regular moderate exercise.