116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The study found that imaging might miss small ovarian tumors causing high testosterone, and suggested using certain testosterone levels and treatment responses to identify these tumors.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Human Reproduction” Women with both type 2 diabetes and PCOS have worse metabolic issues but milder reproductive symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
4 citations
,
December 2018 in “Case reports in endocrinology” A 63-year-old woman's male-like symptoms were caused by a rare testosterone-producing ovarian tumor, treated by removing her ovaries and fallopian tubes.
August 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Biochemical markers help diagnose ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women.
2 citations
,
June 2024 in “Plastic Surgery” There is unequal access to gender-affirming surgeries in Canada, with a need for better coverage and specialized programs.
12 citations
,
June 1999 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Hair restoration surgery can effectively increase pubic hair density, with patient satisfaction and natural results largely depending on the chosen hair pattern and graft design.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare pituitary tumor in an 18-year-old male caused hormonal issues and vision loss, requiring surgery and further treatment.
January 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” Ovarian thecomas can cause virilization in postmenopausal women and are treated with surgery.
6 citations
,
June 2006 in “International Journal of Gynecological Pathology” A postmenopausal woman's hormone imbalance and symptoms improved after removing benign ovarian tumors.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “BMJ Case Reports” Fertility-preserving surgery can help women with early-stage Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors conceive naturally.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
7 citations
,
May 1977 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Antiandrogen treatments can help with various women's health issues but often require ongoing use.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
A 73-year-old woman's unusual hair loss and growth led to the discovery of a rare condition causing too much testosterone, which improved after her ovaries were removed.
July 2024 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Ovarian hyperthecosis should be considered in young women with severe male-like symptoms and can be managed with hormone treatments.
3 citations
,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
3 citations
,
January 1999 in “Hair transplant forum international” Hair transplant surgery can effectively treat hair loss in women.
27 citations
,
September 2017 Pubic hair transplantation can improve self-esteem in those with sparse pubic hair.
7 citations
,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine”
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
August 2017 in “Journal of pediatric surgery case reports” A toddler with a rare adrenal gland tumor causing male-like physical changes was successfully treated with surgery.
A thorough diagnostic process and teamwork are crucial for managing complex hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women.
January 2010 in “Springer eBooks” Pubic hair transplantation can help women with little to no pubic hair, using scalp hair for a natural look and requires careful aftercare.
January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie” Aging can't be stopped, but surgery can help people look younger.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “Case reports in endocrinology” An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.
27 citations
,
May 1976 in “PubMed” Ovarian wedge resection helped regulate menstrual cycles but didn't significantly change hormone levels or hair growth in polycystic ovary syndrome.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “JCEM case reports” GnRH analogues are effective for diagnosing and treating female androgen excess, offering a non-surgical option.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.