3 citations
,
July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
January 2026 in “ChemistrySelect” The bio-based hair serum is a sustainable and effective alternative to silicone serums, offering better hair protection and eco-friendly benefits.
2 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” PMS nanoparticles improve damaged hair by protecting and restoring its surface and color.
30 citations
,
April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
The 16th-century mummy's hair was well-preserved due to a calcium coating.
5 citations
,
January 1992 Silicones in shampoos make hair smoother, easier to manage, and reduce friction.
5 citations
,
December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
April 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hair care products mainly work on the hair's surface and need professional guidance for use.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering” Heating human hair creates hollow microtubes with smooth surfaces.
3 citations
,
January 2015 in “Mathematical problems in engineering” Hair damage increases significantly with higher temperatures and longer heating times.
17 citations
,
February 1987 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The hair cuticle acts as a barrier against fungal infection, which occurs only deep within the hair follicle.
September 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Chemical treatments change hair surface properties, making it more hydrophilic and able to bind conditioners.
11 citations
,
January 1981 in “Cells Tissues Organs” Human hair cuticle has five cell layers with specific junctions and granules.
10 citations
,
November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
36 citations
,
October 2014 in “Langmuir” Bleaching hair removes its protective top layer and exposes more hydrophilic groups, changing its chemical surface and affecting how it interacts with products.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
16 citations
,
May 2017 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” An unhealthy scalp can damage new hair, but using ZPT shampoo can improve hair health.
3 citations
,
January 1989 in “Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society” AMT is the best surfactant for hair and scalp care.
January 2008 in “대한미용학회지” UV exposure severely damages hair, making it rough and weak.
3 citations
,
March 2024 in “Discover Applied Sciences” Spirulina proteins can improve hair smoothness and strength in hair care products.
October 2024 in “UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University)” Straightening and dyeing damage hair structure.
1 citations
,
July 2019 in “Microscopy Today” Microfluorometry effectively measures how much polymer coats and penetrates hair, useful for evaluating hair products.
1 citations
,
June 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” Hair-coating shampoos dye better initially, but hair-oxidation shampoos keep color longer and may damage hair more.
March 2016 in “The Korean Society of Beauty and Art” MSG-based hair hardener improves hair thickness, strength, and wave retention after perms.
2 citations
,
June 2018 in “Cosmetics” AMPD is a better and less damaging alternative to ammonium hydroxide for hair bleaching.
1 citations
,
July 2015 in “Microscopy Research and Technique” Friedreich's ataxia causes thin, weak hair with surface damage and cavities.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” Human hair varies in structure based on curl type, with high curl hair showing the most differences.
1 citations
,
November 2022 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Male and female human hairs have different microscopic structures that can help in forensic analysis.
Placenderm® improves scalp elasticity and hair quality safely.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology” Dandelion extract mist protects hair from heat damage and improves styling.