6 citations
,
May 2003 in “PubMed” Small amounts of DNA can be found in the hair shaft, especially near the root, but it decreases with hair treatments and washing.
23 citations
,
August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.
19 citations
,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
13 citations
,
March 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that a polymer treatment changes the charge on hair surfaces, making bleached hair smoother and less porous.
10 citations
,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Oxidation changes human hair by breaking down fats and forming new acidic groups, affecting how it interacts with conditioners and cosmetics.
February 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” The Brazilian candle flame technique can damage hair by melting the cuticle and exposing the cortex.
Different treatments change the strength and flexibility of human hair.
15 citations
,
June 2019 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Chemical and physical treatments like bleaching, dyeing, and UV radiation damage both Caucasian and Afro-ethnic hair.
January 2020 in “Indian dermatology online journal” Hair styling products can damage hair over time.
62 citations
,
January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.
15 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
30 citations
,
January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
November 2023 in “Borneo Journal of Pharmacy” Sappan wood hair tonic helps protect and repair damaged hair.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair styling products and tools help improve hair's look and manageability but can damage hair if used incorrectly.
18 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
12 citations
,
February 2019 in “Skin research and technology” White hair has less lipid content and absorbs water differently than brown hair.
52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
Understanding hair surface properties is key for effective hair care products.
Hair fibers degrade and change color in very basic water.
81 citations
,
December 2007 in “Acta materialia” AFM helped show how hair changes under tension and the effects of damage and conditioner.
117 citations
,
August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
51 citations
,
January 2014 in “International journal of trichology” Shampoo pH can affect hair health, with alkaline shampoos potentially causing damage and acidic shampoos reducing frizz.
28 citations
,
November 2018 in “Journal of structural biology” Different populations have distinct hair structures related to their ancestry.
23 citations
,
January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
15 citations
,
October 2004 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Holes in mature hair are likely caused by the removal of substances during hair care.
9 citations
,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The torsional method effectively evaluates hair damage and the performance of hair care ingredients.
7 citations
,
January 2001 in “Comprehensive series in photosciences” UV radiation significantly damages hair, especially with humidity, making it more vulnerable to further damage.
3 citations
,
January 2002 in “Springer eBooks” Alkaline hair relaxers damage hair, but cationic and non-ionic polymers can help reduce this damage.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Small KP peptide improves hair without reducing agents, while larger proteins need them for better results.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” Human hair varies in structure based on curl type, with high curl hair showing the most differences.