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GlossaryFollicular Keratinocytes

specialized cells in hair follicles producing keratin for hair

Follicular keratinocytes are specialized cells found in hair follicles, the structures in the skin that produce hair. These cells are responsible for producing keratin, a protein that forms the structural foundation of hair. They play a crucial role in the growth and health of hair by continuously dividing and differentiating to form the hair shaft.

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Exosomes Derived From Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Hair Regrowth in Alopecia Areata

research Exosomes derived from uMSCs promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata through accelerating human hair follicular keratinocyte proliferation and migration

November 2023 in “Cell Biology International”

Tiny particles from umbilical cord stem cells may help hair grow back in a type of hair loss.

research Restoration of hair-inductive activity of cultured human follicular keratinocytes by co-culturing with dermal papilla cells

14 citations , September 2018 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications”

Growing hair cells with dermal cells can potentially treat hair loss.

Conditioned Media Obtained from Human Outer Root Sheath Follicular Keratinocyte Culture Activates Signalling Pathways That Contribute to Maintenance of Hair-Inducing Capacity and Increases Trichogenicity of Cultured Dermal Cells

research Conditioned media obtained from human outer root sheath follicular keratinocyte culture activates signalling pathways that contribute to maintenance of hair-inducing capacity and increases trichogenicity of cultured dermal cells

6 citations , July 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”

The substance from human hair root cells can help maintain hair growth and make skin cells more capable of growing hair.

Cyclosporin A-Induced Hair Growth in Mice Is Associated with Inhibition of Calcineurin-Dependent Activation of NFAT in Follicular Keratinocytes

research Cyclosporin A-induced hair growth in mice is associated with inhibition of calcineurin-dependent activation of NFAT in follicular keratinocytes

57 citations , June 2003 in “American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology”

Cyclosporin A helps mice grow hair by blocking a specific protein activity in skin cells.

Hair Growth Induction by the Tellurium Immunomodulator AS101: Association with Delayed Terminal Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes and Ras-Dependent Up-Regulation of KGF Expression

research Hair growth induction by the tellurium immunomodulator AS101: association with delayed terminal differentiation of follicular keratinocytes and ras‐dependent up‐regulation of KGF expression

51 citations , December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal”

The substance AS101 can help hair grow by slowing down hair cell aging and boosting a hair growth protein.

research Hair Loss Caused by Gain-of-Function Mutant TRPV3 Is Associated with Premature Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes

11 citations , March 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A gene mutation causes early keratinocyte maturation leading to hair loss in Olmsted syndrome.

research Knockdown of FOXA2 Impairs Hair-Inductive Activity of Cultured Human Follicular Keratinocytes

5 citations , October 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Reducing FOXA2 in skin cells lowers their ability to grow hair.

research Keratinocyte growth factor is an important endogenous mediator of hair follicle growth, development, and differentiation. Normalization of the nu/nu follicular differentiation defect and amelioration of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

219 citations , July 1995 in “PubMed”

Keratinocyte growth factor promotes hair growth and reduces hair loss from chemotherapy.

research Hair Growth Promoting Effects of Kesh-Kanti-Expert-Oil are Mediated Through Keratinocyte Proliferation and Modulation in Follicular Microenvironment

November 2025 in “Pharmacological Research - Natural Products”

Kesh Kanti Expert Oil promotes hair growth and protects hair health.

research No evidence for follicular keratinocyte hyperproliferation in acne lesions as compared to autologous healthy hair follicles

7 citations , March 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Acne lesions don't show increased keratinocyte growth compared to healthy hair follicles.

research Regulation of PDGF and PDGF receptor in cultured dermal papilla cells and follicular keratinocytes of the human hair follicle

55 citations , September 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology”

PDGF signaling may play a role in hair growth cycle regulation.

Expression of the L-Fucose Moiety on Infrainfundibular Follicular Keratinocytes of Terminal Follicles, Its Decreased Expression on Vellus and Indeterminate Follicles of Androgenetic Alopecia, and Re-Expression in Drug-Induced Hair Regrowth

research Expression of the L-Fucose Moiety on Infrainfundibular Follicular Keratinocytes of Terminal Follicles, Its Decreased Expression on Vellus and Indeterminate Follicles of Androgenetic Alopecia, and Re-Expression in Drug-Induced Hair Regrowth

9 citations , January 1992 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Sugar molecule helps hair growth, less in balding, returns with treatment.

research Culture of hair matrix and follicular keratinocytes

26 citations , July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Exogenous Stimulation with Eclipta Alba Promotes Hair Matrix Keratinocyte Proliferation and Downregulates TGF-β1 Expression in Nude Mice

research Exogenous stimulation with Eclipta alba promotes hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and downregulates TGF-β1 expression in nude mice

24 citations , December 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine”

Eclipta alba extract helps increase hair growth and decrease hair loss-related protein in mice.

research Induction of Hair Keratins Expression by an Annurca Apple-Based Nutraceutical Formulation in Human Follicular Cells

13 citations , December 2019 in “Nutrients”

An apple-based supplement was found to stimulate hair protein production, which may help with hair growth.

Enzymatic Digestion of Scalp Hair Follicle Bulge Yields More Stem Keratinocytes Than Explant Isolation

research 1435 Enzymatic digestion of scalp hair follicle bulge allows to have more bulge-derived stem keratinocytes than explant isolation

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Using enzymes to break down scalp hair follicles gets more stem cells for skin and hair growth than the old method.

research The cell-surface marker MTS24 identifies a novel population of follicular keratinocytes with characteristics of progenitor cells

207 citations , July 2006 in “Development”

MTS24 marks a new type of skin cell that helps hair growth and repair.

research Dihydrotestosterone-Inducible Dickkopf 1 from Balding Dermal Papilla Cells Causes Apoptosis in Follicular Keratinocytes

171 citations , July 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

research The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE), Which Is Defective in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy Patients, Is Expressed in Human Epidermal and Follicular Keratinocytes and Associates With the Intermediate Filament Protein Cytokeratin 17

24 citations , February 2011 in “The American journal of pathology”

AIRE protein, defective in APECED patients, is found in skin and hair cells and interacts with cytokeratin 17.

research The Notch Intracellular Domain Has an RBPj-Independent Role during Mouse Hair Follicular Development

16 citations , March 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The Notch signaling pathway helps in mouse hair development through a noncanonical mechanism that does not rely on RBPj or transcription.

Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Hair Growth Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Trichoscopy and Ki67+ Keratinocytes Analysis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

research Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Hair Growth using Artificial Intelligence-based Trichoscopy and Ki67+ Keratinocytes Analysis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

July 2025 in “Clinical Dermatology Review”

PRP significantly boosts hair growth in androgenic alopecia patients.

research ABSENCE OF H2O2 BREAKDOWN IN HUMAN HAIR MEDULLA IMPLICATIONS IN FOLLICULAR MELANOGENESIS

1 citations , September 2018 in “International journal of research - granthaalayah”

Human hair medulla doesn't break down hydrogen peroxide, which may affect hair color formation.

research Experimental Modulation of the Differentiated Phenotype of Keratinocytes from Epidermis and Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath and Matrix Cells

31 citations , December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

ORS and hair matrix cells balance growth and differentiation better than normal keratinocytes, with human dermal fibroblasts crucial for proper differentiation.

research Hair sheath keratins in follicular tumors. (5). Identification of hair sheath keratins in keratoacanthoma; Histopathological hair sheath structures in the tumor and their significance as differential histopathological criteria from squamous cell carcinoma.

January 1990 in “The Nishinihon Journal of Dermatology”

Follicular structures help differentiate keratoacanthoma from squamous cell carcinoma.

research Follicular Cell Implantation: An Emerging Cell Therapy for Hair Loss

13 citations , May 2005 in “Seminars in Plastic Surgery”

Follicular Cell Implantation might become a new treatment for hair loss and could lead to advances in organ regeneration.

research SPRY1 Deficiency in Keratinocytes Induces Follicular Melanocyte Stem Cell Migration to the Epidermis through p53/Stem Cell Factor/C-KIT Signaling

4 citations , March 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

SPRY1 deficiency in skin cells causes stem cells to move to the skin surface, leading to increased pigmentation.

research Follicular cell implantation: Research update on “hair cloning”

October 2015 in “CRC Press eBooks”

Hair cloning for hair loss is not yet a practical solution.

research Investigation of Transcriptional Gene Profiling in Normal Murine Hair Follicular Substructures Using Next-Generation Sequencing to Provide Potential Insights into Skin Disease

1 citations , February 2016 in “Cell Transplantation”

Hair follicles have a more inactive cell cycle than other skin cells, which may help develop targeted therapies for skin diseases and cancer.

research Expression of the hair stem cell-specific marker nestin in epidermal and follicular tumors.

35 citations , December 2008 in “PubMed”

Trichilemmoma, BCC, and SCC tumors have different stem cell marker expressions.

Comparative Spatial Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Analyses of Human Nail Units and Hair Follicles Show Transcriptional Similarities between the Onychodermis and Follicular Dermal Papilla

research Comparative Spatial Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Analyses of Human Nail Units and Hair Follicles Show Transcriptional Similarities between the Onychodermis and Follicular Dermal Papilla

10 citations , July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Human nails and hair follicles have similar gene activity, especially in the cells that contribute to their growth and development.