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GlossaryOuter Root Sheath

layer of cells surrounding and supporting the hair follicle

The Outer Root Sheath (ORS) is a layer of cells that surrounds the hair follicle, providing structural support and playing a crucial role in the growth and cycling of hair. It extends from the epidermis down to the hair bulb and is involved in the regeneration of the hair follicle after shedding.

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research Mesenchymal Stem Cells Antagonize IFN-Induced Proinflammatory Changes and Growth Inhibition Effects via Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK/STAT Pathway in Human Outer Root Sheath Cells and Hair Follicles

14 citations , April 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Mesenchymal stem cells may help treat hair loss by improving hair cell growth and reducing inflammation.

research Outer root sheath cells secrete oxytocin for hair growth promotion and stem cell proliferation

March 2026 in “Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering”

Oxytocin from hair cells helps hair growth and stem cell increase.

MiR-140-5p in Small Extracellular Vesicles From Human Papilla Cells Stimulates Hair Growth by Promoting Proliferation of Outer Root Sheath and Hair Matrix Cells

research miR-140-5p in Small Extracellular Vesicles From Human Papilla Cells Stimulates Hair Growth by Promoting Proliferation of Outer Root Sheath and Hair Matrix Cells

18 citations , December 2020 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

miR-140-5p in certain cell vesicles helps hair growth by boosting cell proliferation.

Pharmacological Activation of Thermo-Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 3 Channels Inhibits Hair Growth by Inducing Cell Death of Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath

research Pharmacological Activation of Thermo–Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 3 Channels Inhibits Hair Growth by Inducing Cell Death of Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath

12 citations , June 2019 in “The journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics/The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics”

Activating TRPV3 channels stops hair growth by killing hair follicle cells.

Human Hair Outer Root Sheath Cells and Platelet-Lysis Exosomes Promote Hair Inductivity of Dermal Papilla Cells

research Human Hair Outer Root Sheath Cells and Platelet-Lysis Exosomes Promote Hair Inductivity of Dermal Papilla Cell

9 citations , June 2020 in “Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine”

HHORSC exosomes and PL improve hair growth treatment outcomes.

research Solid basal cell epithelioma (BCE) possibly originates from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle.

61 citations , August 1993 in “PubMed”

Basal cell epithelioma likely starts from the hair follicle's outer root sheath.

research Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in keloid tissues and TGF‐β1–induced hair follicle outer root sheath keratinocytes

46 citations , July 2015 in “Wound repair and regeneration”

Keloid scars may form due to changes in skin cell characteristics and specific protein signaling.

research Experimental Modulation of the Differentiated Phenotype of Keratinocytes from Epidermis and Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath and Matrix Cells

31 citations , December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

ORS and hair matrix cells balance growth and differentiation better than normal keratinocytes, with human dermal fibroblasts crucial for proper differentiation.

research SIRT1 downregulation provokes immune-inflammatory responses in hair follicle outer root sheath cells and may contribute to development of alopecia areata

13 citations , May 2023 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Reduced SIRT1 in hair cells may cause alopecia areata by triggering immune responses.

Oral Minoxidil Bio-Activation by Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Cell Sulfotransferase Enzymes Predicts Clinical Efficacy in Female Pattern Hair Loss

research Oral minoxidil bio‐activation by hair follicle outer root sheath cell sulfotransferase enzymes predicts clinical efficacy in female pattern hair loss

9 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Minoxidil activation by hair enzymes predicts treatment success for female hair loss.

research The Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath

8 citations , February 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

Hair follicle stem cells are promising for blood vessel formation and tissue repair.

research Differentiation of nestin-negative human hair follicle outer root sheath cells into neurons in vitro

5 citations , January 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

Human hair follicle cells can be turned into neural stem cell-like cells, which might help treat brain diseases.

research Melanocytes from the Outer Root Sheath of Hair Follicles Cultivated on Collagen Membrane Improve their Melanotic Properties

5 citations , January 2012 in “Journal of Tissue Science & Engineering”

Collagen membranes improve melanocyte growth for treating skin depigmentation.

research Osteogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue, Bone Marrow and Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath in a 3D Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogel

2 citations , May 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Stem cells from hair follicles in a special gel show strong potential for bone regeneration.

research Culturing of Melanocytes from the Equine Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath

1 citations , January 2021 in “Processes”

Researchers successfully grew horse skin cells that produce pigment from hair follicle samples.

Role of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Mediating Outer Root Sheath Stem Cells to Promote Hair Follicle Regeneration and Skin Wound Healing in Mice

research Role of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Mediating Outer Root Sheath Stem Cells to Promote Hair Follicle Regeneration and Skin Wound Healing in Mice

June 2026 in “Cells”

Activating a specific cell pathway helps hair growth and skin healing in mice.

research A Mouse Model for Studying Stem Cell Effects on Regeneration of Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheaths

March 2020 in “Central European Journal of Biology”

The study found that stem cells and neutrophils are important for regenerating hair follicle structures in mice.

research Pilomatricoma can differentiate not only towards hair matrix and hair cortex, but also follicular infundibulum, outer root sheath and hair bulge

18 citations , March 2009 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Pilomatricoma can develop into various hair-related structures.

research Milia may originate from the outermost layers of the hair bulge of the outer root sheath: A case report

November 2016 in “Oncology Letters”

Milia may come from the outer part of the hair follicle.

research Keratins of the human hair follicle: “Hyperproliferative” keratins consistently expressed in outer root sheath cells in vivo and in vitro

135 citations , November 1987 in “Differentiation”

Outer root sheath cells consistently express certain keratins influenced by their environment.

research Outer root sheath keratinization in anagen and catagen of the mammalian hair follicle. A seventh distinct type of keratinization in the hair follicle: trichilemmal keratinization.

59 citations , August 1981 in “PubMed”

Trichilemmal keratinization is a unique process in hair follicles where the outer root sheath turns into keratin without a specific layer.

research Manipulation of outer root sheath cell survival perturbs the hair-growth cycle

37 citations , July 1999 in “The EMBO Journal”

Overexpression of certain genes can shorten hair by disrupting the hair-growth cycle.

research VEGF165 modulates proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation of cultured human outer root sheath cells from central hair follicle epithelium through VEGFR-2 activation in vitro

35 citations , October 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

VEGF165 influences hair follicle cell growth and movement through VEGFR-2 activation.

Double-Stranded RNA Induces Inflammation via the NF-κB Pathway and Inflammasome Activation in the Outer Root Sheath Cells of Hair Follicles

research Double-stranded RNA induces inflammation via the NF-κB pathway and inflammasome activation in the outer root sheath cells of hair follicles

22 citations , March 2017 in “Scientific reports”

Double-stranded RNA causes inflammation in hair follicle cells, which may help understand and treat alopecia areata.

research An osteopontin‐derived peptide inhibits human hair growth at least in part by decreasing fibroblast growth factor‐7 production in outer root sheath keratinocytes

19 citations , September 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

FOL-005 peptide can reduce human hair growth by lowering FGF7 levels.

research Interferon β Secreted from Human Hair Dermal Papilla Cells Inhibits the Growth of Outer Root Sheath Cells Cultured in Vitro

13 citations , January 2002 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications”

Interferon β from hair cells stops the growth of other hair cells.

research Expression of E6 and E7 papillomavirus oncogenes in the outer root sheath of hair follicles extends the growth phase and bypasses resting at telogen.

10 citations , October 2000 in “PubMed”

E6/E7 oncogenes in hair follicles cause continuous hair growth by skipping the resting phase.

research Sex hormones and antiandrogens influence in vitro growth of dermal papilla cells and outer root sheath keratinocytes of human hair follicles

9 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Sex hormones and antiandrogens can either stimulate or inhibit human hair follicle cell growth depending on the dose.

research Sulfated hyaluronan‐containing artificial extracellular matrices promote proliferation of keratinocytes and melanotic phenotype of melanocytes from the outer root sheath of hair follicles

8 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A”

Sulfated hyaluronan in collagen helps hair follicle cells grow and develop better for skin grafts.

research [An immunohistochemical study on cell differentiation in the outer root sheath of the normal human anagen hair follicles with antikeratin monoclonal antibodies].

6 citations , December 1990 in “PubMed”

Keratinocytes in hair follicles differentiate similarly to skin cells, with specific patterns in different regions.