103 citations
,
October 2003 in “Birth Defects Research” Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.
51 citations
,
July 2010 in “Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Prolactin may play a significant role in skin and hair health and could be a target for treating skin and hair disorders.
15 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
12 citations
,
May 2019 in “Stem cell reviews” Fetal-maternal stem cells in a mother's hair can help with tissue repair and regeneration long after childbirth.
January 2023 in “Open Life Sciences” VEGFR-2 activation is likely involved in hair follicle growth, survival, and development.
18 citations
,
September 2016 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) may help lighten skin and treat hyperpigmentation.
6 citations
,
August 2017 in “Physiological Research” Setipiprant may reduce inflammation by blocking an enzyme called aldose reductase.
195 citations
,
April 2005 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The ZIP7 gene helps control zinc levels in cells by moving zinc from the Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm.
165 citations
,
June 2007 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Hair follicle stem cells are key for hair and skin regeneration, can be reprogrammed, and have potential therapeutic uses, but also carry a risk of cancer.
96 citations
,
July 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” The document concludes that adult mammalian skin contains multiple stem cell populations with specific markers, important for understanding skin regeneration and related conditions.
93 citations
,
April 2003 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Fatty acid transport protein 4 is essential for skin and hair development.
84 citations
,
March 2010 in “Infectious Disease Clinics of North America” The document concludes that rapid identification, isolation, and strict infection control are crucial to manage SARS outbreaks.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
November 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Keratin-associated proteins have ancient origins and were used for different purposes before being adapted for hair in mammals.
73 citations
,
April 2013 in “Stem cells” LGR5 helps maintain corneal cell characteristics and prevents unwanted changes by controlling specific cell signaling pathways.
40 citations
,
October 2002 in “Endocrinology” Vitamin D3 analogs can promote hair growth in mice genetically prone to hair loss.
25 citations
,
August 2014 in “Endocrinology” Researchers created a mouse model of a type of rickets that does not cause hair loss.
7 citations
,
August 2008 in “Cases Journal” A hair tightly wrapped around a toddler's toe caused severe crying and was treated by surgery.
2 citations
,
September 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride affects offspring's antioxidant enzymes in epididymis, possibly disrupting sperm maturation.
January 2023 in “Open veterinary journal” A cat developed skin problems from a certain brand of injected water pills, which went away after switching brands.
November 2020 in “International journal of contemporary pediatrics” Two siblings had a rare immune disorder caused by a FOXN1 gene mutation.
171 citations
,
October 1990 in “Alcoholism/Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research” The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.
84 citations
,
December 2017 in “EMBO Reports” Circadian rhythms are crucial for stem cell function and tissue repair, and understanding them may improve aging and regeneration treatments.
46 citations
,
September 2011 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.
23 citations
,
October 2015 in “Andrology” New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.
13 citations
,
June 2018 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” Laminin-511 may contribute to psoriasis by affecting skin cell growth and survival.
September 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Exosome therapy shows promise for hair growth with minimal side effects, but more research is needed.
430 citations
,
July 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.
127 citations
,
January 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Probiotic bacteria improved skin and hair health in aged mice.