October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Losing weight and taking birth control pills can greatly improve severe male hormone excess in women with PCOS.
114 citations
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March 2018 in “PLOS Medicine” Women with PCOS are more than twice as likely to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
October 2025 in “Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College” Free testosterone is the most common hormone marker in PCOS, and age affects DHEAS levels.
1540 citations
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October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
January 2012 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Androgens can cause acne, excess hair, and hair loss, treatable with dermatologist-guided therapies.
17 citations
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April 2010 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Obese women had more testosterone and less acne, but similar hair growth compared to non-obese women.
7 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Most women with hyperandrogenism first show acne, and skin conditions like hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans are good indicators of the condition.
18 citations
,
January 1985 in “Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica” Hirsutism severity is linked to androgen levels, especially in women with a lower LH/FSH ratio.
21 citations
,
July 2019 in “Cardiovascular Research” High levels of male hormones in pregnant mice cause heart enlargement and poor heart function in their female babies.
169 citations
,
November 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Prepubertal girls have higher sex steroid levels than boys, possibly leading to earlier puberty.
2 citations
,
July 2017 in “Oman medical journal” A man with a rare adrenal cancer showed unusual symptoms and died four months after diagnosis.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
137 citations
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June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
60 citations
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June 1997 in “Baillière's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology” PCOS is often caused by hormonal imbalances that can lead to various health issues and may indicate a risk for future metabolic and cardiovascular problems.
25 citations
,
June 2017 in “Scientific reports” Stress worsens Tourette symptoms by increasing allopregnanolone levels.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” African American women have a higher risk of preterm delivery than Caucasian women, and inflammatory stimuli affect gene expression in cells related to PCOS, showing a heightened inflammatory state in women with PCOS.
March 2021 in “Der Hautarzt” Neuroendocrine paraneoplastic syndromes often show skin changes, helping early diagnosis and requiring a team approach for best care.
1 citations
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December 2017 in “Research for Rural Development/Research for Rural Development (Online)” Neutered ferrets often develop hyperadrenocorticism, with symptoms like hair loss and lethargy, and androstenedione is a key indicator for diagnosis.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help with androgen deficiency in women but should be used with caution and monitoring due to potential risks.
2 citations
,
July 2012 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” A 12-year-old girl with very high testosterone and insulin resistance improved with birth control pills, suggesting PCOS can cause high testosterone without tumors.
19 citations
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June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Taking thyroid medication reduced the patient's pituitary gland swelling and improved her symptoms.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Acne and hair loss are not good indicators of hormone imbalance in PCOS, but excessive body hair is.
July 1998 in “Chromatographia” Women with effluvium have higher levels of certain urinary steroids, possibly due to stress and increased adrenal activity.
11 citations
,
September 1990 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Girls with prepubertal simple hypertrichosis have higher dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Biology and medicine” High testosterone levels in 20% of the women studied may indicate PCOS, while 80% had low levels with potential health impacts.
14 citations
,
January 1980 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Both treatments reduced androgen levels and hair growth in women with hirsutism.
17 citations
,
April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
Accurate diagnosis of PCOS requires comprehensive androgen measurement.
5 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis” Women with PCOS who have high male hormone levels often also have insulin resistance.