April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
January 2021 in “Deep Blue (University of Michigan)” Androgen receptors in the brain affect metabolism and reproduction differently in males and females, and may help manage PCOS symptoms in females.
10 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Testosterone affects stress hormone levels differently in adolescent and adult male rats.
14 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
197 citations
,
January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
December 2023 in “JCEM case reports” A new gene variant causes glucocorticoid resistance in a mother and son.
1 citations
,
June 2012 in “Springer eBooks” Acupuncture may improve reproductive and metabolic functions in PCOS without negative side effects, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
68 citations
,
May 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Acne is caused by genetics, diet, hormones, and bacteria, with treatments not yet curative.
May 2024 in “Scientific Reports” Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.
18 citations
,
January 2001 in “Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry” Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.
17 citations
,
January 2015 in “MedChemComm” New treatments for prostate cancer are less toxic and show promise, but more research is needed to enhance their effectiveness and reduce side effects.
11 citations
,
August 2009 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” We need better ways to test and understand SARMs to make safer and more effective treatments.
9 citations
,
March 2009 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Certain gene variations are linked to better memory in healthy Chinese women.
2 citations
,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Different substances that activate or block the androgen receptor can affect male development and treat conditions like prostate cancer.
25 citations
,
June 2019 in “Endocrine Related Cancer” Mutations in certain receptors can cause diseases and offer new treatment options.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.
20 citations
,
December 2000 in “Fertility and Sterility” The N363S gene variant does not cause higher adrenal androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
44 citations
,
January 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Longer CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.
29 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testing for CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene is not currently recommended for managing hypogonadism.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” Clascoterone is a new, effective, and safe acne treatment without systemic side effects.
9 citations
,
September 2014 in “Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention” Certain genetic variants in the androgen receptor are linked to higher PSA levels, potentially affecting prostate cancer screening outcomes.
October 2025 in “Scientific Reports” AR gene variations don't affect aging markers in men.
68 citations
,
April 2014 in “Journal of Molecular Endocrinology” The document concludes that targeting the androgen receptor may be a promising breast cancer treatment, especially for certain types.