10 citations
,
January 2019 in “International Immunology” Immune cells help keep skin healthy and repair it, but imbalance can cause disease.
7 citations
,
October 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” HIV can cause skin disorders, which are often the first sign of infection, especially in people with darker skin.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Contact immunotherapy can change immune responses in alopecia areata, suggesting new treatment targets.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Türk Patoloji Dergisi” Hormone imbalances from endocrine diseases can cause various skin conditions that help diagnose and treat these diseases early.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Rheumatology” A man developed autoimmune symptoms after the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, highlighting the need for thorough vaccine safety checks.
78 citations
,
January 2013 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hidradenitis suppurativa is linked to various diseases like obesity, depression, arthritis, and Crohn's disease, but often occurs alone.
July 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia totalis/universalis is linked to more autoimmune diseases than patchy alopecia areata.
11 citations
,
May 2016 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” A combined Dermatology and Rheumatology Clinic showed that skin issues often weren't linked to rheumatic diseases, highlighting the benefits of a team approach.
7 citations
,
May 1993 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Cell adhesion molecules are important in the development of certain skin diseases.
45 citations
,
March 1998 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Majocchi's granuloma can occur in kidney transplant patients on tacrolimus and can be treated with antifungal medication.
9 citations
,
September 2021 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Certain skin symptoms can indicate underlying body-wide illnesses.
November 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” Bioprinting is improving skin models for better testing of skin diseases without using animals.
19 citations
,
December 2011 in “PubMed” Inflammation and immunity play a key role in androgenetic alopecia, with better treatment outcomes in certain immune-positive cases.
42 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of clinical pharmacology” Baricitinib helps treat several diseases, including COVID-19, but has side effects and needs careful monitoring.
8 citations
,
January 2015 in “World Journal of Gastroenterology” Hair loss is common in IBD patients, and some medications may lower the risk.
2 citations
,
May 2024 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety” Infections during JAK inhibitor treatment for alopecia areata are usually manageable and rarely stop treatment permanently.
8 citations
,
August 1997 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Most HIV patients develop skin symptoms that can indicate the stage of their disease.
No single biomarker is reliable enough for diagnosing and assessing SLE.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cholecystokinin may help reduce skin inflammation in psoriasis.
September 2024 in “Cureus” Guselkumab effectively treats skin reactions caused by adalimumab in certain conditions.
71 citations
,
October 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” Vitiligo and alopecia areata may have similar causes despite their differences.
4 citations
,
July 2008 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Poor response to topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata patients is linked to impaired cell responses.
16 citations
,
January 2013 in “Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition” Azathioprine caused side effects in over half of the Korean pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, requiring close monitoring.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.
CAR-T cell therapy shows promise for treating autoimmune disorders but faces challenges like complex manufacturing and limited tissue penetration.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “Elsevier eBooks” Any drug can cause skin reactions, but antibiotics, NSAIDs, and psychotropic drugs are more common, with some reactions being life-threatening.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Dupilumab can both improve and worsen alopecia areata, with higher IgE levels linked to better outcomes.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Immune cells are crucial for normal skin development and their dysfunction can cause skin disorders.
97 citations
,
May 2019 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Abnormal ECM and immune cell interactions can cause skin diseases.
January 2024 in “Case Reports in Endocrinology” Cortisone tapering may help improve severe myasthenia gravis and alopecia areata after thymectomy.