March 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Dandruff is linked to increased T cells and weakened immune protection in hair follicles.
January 2025 in “Updates in clinical dermatology” COVID-19 vaccines can cause minor skin reactions, including those related to Bullous Pemphigoid, but these usually resolve on their own.
139 citations
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February 2010 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Chronic refractory alopecia areata has more skin-resident memory T cells, and JAK inhibitors may help reduce them.
29 citations
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December 2019 in “Expert review of clinical pharmacology” JAK inhibitors are a promising new treatment for hair loss and nail problems in alopecia areata.
COVID-19 can cause skin problems and affect dermatology treatments, with recommendations for skin care and cautious use of certain drugs.
61 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Anti-TNF-α therapy may increase the risk of developing alopecia areata, especially in those with a history of autoimmune disease.
April 2026 in “Antibodies” The role of antibodies in alopecia is unclear, but JAK inhibitors show promise for treatment.
April 2021 in “Rheumatology” An 80-year-old man with COVID-19 also had constrictive pericarditis, possibly due to an autoimmune or immunoglobulin related disease, and improved after surgery.
August 2024 in “New Zealand Medical Student Journal” JAK inhibitors show promise for treating skin diseases effectively and safely.
3 citations
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August 2021 in “Clinical Case Reports” Genetic testing is crucial before giving azathioprine to avoid severe side effects.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” miR-486 may help prevent hair loss in alopecia areata.
40 citations
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March 2019 in “Nature Communications” CRAC channels are crucial for the development and function of specialized immune cells, preventing severe inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
32 citations
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December 2009 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Dihydrotestosterone increases certain inflammatory signals in skin cells, potentially contributing to acne.
96 citations
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December 2018 in “Immunity” Targeting TGFβ can improve skin immunity in older people.
1 citations
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March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Early sunburn treatment with certain inhibitors may reduce skin cancer risk.
July 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” Baricitinib combined with other immune therapies may safely and effectively treat severe scalp hair loss.
May 2025 in “The Journal of Rheumatology” Mixed Connective Tissue Disease can develop from overlapping symptoms of several autoimmune diseases, making diagnosis complex.
20 citations
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March 2021 in “Drug design, development and therapy” Topical immunotherapy can treat alopecia areata, but its effectiveness varies and the exact mechanism is unclear.
July 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research” Individualized treatment and psychological support improved the patient's quality of life and appearance despite medication side effects.
6 citations
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October 2017 in “Oncotarget” Hairless mice are more vulnerable to Listeria infection, but gut microbiota can help reduce damage.
13 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Nail disorders not caused by infection are common and can look similar, with psoriasis being the most frequent and having specific nail symptoms.
31 citations
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June 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Patients with chronic skin conditions on systemic treatments did not have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could resume their treatments after recovery.
June 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Atopic dermatitis shows a link between skin layers in inflammation, detectable with detailed gene analysis.
6 citations
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March 2016 in “Scandinavian journal of immunology” Janus kinase inhibitors show promise in treating alopecia areata but need more safety research.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Medical Sciences” Intralesional triamcinolone is more effective than cryotherapy for treating alopecia areata in middle-aged adults.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Type 2 inflammation helps wound healing by switching immune cells to repair mode.
Different connective tissue disorders have unique symptoms and treatments, with varying outcomes and often require ongoing care from a specialist.
November 2025 in “Trends in Immunotherapy” Exosomes from certain cells can improve hair regrowth by changing the immune response.