23 citations
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April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
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November 2020 in “UNC Libraries” A point mutation in the androgen receptor gene causes complete androgen insensitivity.
15 citations
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June 1986 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Androgens increase pigmentation in young hamsters, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
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July 2007 in “PubMed” Atrazine causes birth defects in rats, and finasteride can reliably create a hypospadias model.
March 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Hair loss, prostate size, and urinary issues are related due to androgen effects.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
4 citations
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March 2019 in “JAT. Journal of applied toxicology/Journal of applied toxicology” PFOS exposure disrupts hormone levels and enzyme activities in juvenile frogs, affecting males and females differently.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology” Finasteride use in male rats may harm their male offspring's liver function.
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking male hormones in baby rats improved memory and increased weight.
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February 2019 in “Environment international” Higher early lead exposure is linked to delayed puberty in girls.
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September 2013 in “The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology” 7 citations
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August 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia showed no prostatic growth.
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December 2004 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
January 2004 in “Banca y finanzas: Revista profesional de gestión financiera” Androgens increase pigmentation in certain hamster skin areas, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
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January 2015 in “Hormones and Cancer” Androgen receptor inactivation delays skin cancer onset and reduces incidence in mice, with gender differences in susceptibility.
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February 2014 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.
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December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
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May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Free fatty acids may increase androgen production, potentially contributing to polycystic ovary syndrome.
18 citations
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March 2004 in “The Journal of Urology” Hypospadiac rats showed abnormal genital development, useful for studying human hypospadias.
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January 2013 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” Ectopic adrenal rests can cause androgen excess after adrenalectomy and may need targeted surgery.
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January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.
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January 2006 in “PubMed” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for male reproductive health, affecting hormone levels and tissue function.
During late pregnancy in rats, hormonal changes increased certain GABAA receptors in specific brain cells.
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January 2024 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Androgens can affect glucocorticoid signaling in specific mouse brain areas.
April 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Human prostate cells produce more WISP1/CCN4 when there's not enough oxygen.
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March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.