80 citations
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June 2002 in “Molecular Biology of the Cell” Type II keratins are uniquely phosphorylated during stress and mitosis, affecting their structure and function.
11 citations
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March 2004 in “Journal of Comparative Pathology” Norfolk Terriers have a genetic skin defect causing scaling and blisters due to a keratin issue.
6 citations
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May 2020 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” Yak belly hair has higher porosity and is less stiff than human hair, making it absorb dye better but less suitable as a direct substitute for hair dyeing.
18 citations
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January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
14 citations
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May 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A rare gene mutation causes skin fragility and itching without affecting hair or nails.
87 citations
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September 2012 in “Journal of Cell Science” Keratins are crucial for tissue strength, and mutations in keratin genes can lead to various diseases, highlighting the need for targeted therapies.
82 citations
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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
28 citations
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July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair structure forms the same way inside and outside the body.
26 citations
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April 2019 in “Genes” lncRNA XLOC_008679 and gene KRT35 affect cashmere fineness in goats.
December 2025 in “Doğu Fen Bilimleri Dergisi” Vimentin, desmin, and laminin help maintain rat skin structure.
January 2009 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” Curved human hair has different structures on each side, which might cause its shape and is similar to wool.
28 citations
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November 2009 in “Journal of Structural Biology” High flux X-ray beams quickly damage the structure of human hair.
79 citations
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August 1998 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin 16 delays skin maturation and affects skin and hair development in mice.
14 citations
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July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Keratin mutations may cause scarring alopecia by damaging hair structure.
12 citations
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December 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” The C-terminal tail of AHF/trichohyalin is essential for organizing keratin filaments in keratinocytes.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
32 citations
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November 1998 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Mouse and human keratin 16 can both form filaments, with differences likely due to the tail domain, not the helical domain.
31 citations
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August 2005 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” The study concluded that PKP1 is essential for skin integrity and hair growth, and its dysfunction causes the symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome.
5 citations
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February 2007 in “Cytology and genetics” Gene expression regulates keratin production for normal hair growth.
28 citations
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February 2012 in “PLoS ONE” A PKP1 gene mutation causes skin fragility and hair loss in Chesapeake Bay retriever puppies.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
17 citations
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February 2015 in “Cell Death and Disease” Inhibiting AP1 in mice skin causes structural changes and weakens the skin barrier.
55 citations
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February 2014 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Human hair has a complex, variable structure with a consistent matrix and double-twist pattern.
1 citations
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January 2013 in “PubMed” Permanent wave treatment with thioglycolic acid changes hair structure by altering disulfide bonds.
Human hair can almost fully recover its structure within about 1,000 minutes after being stretched.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Gene reports” The analysis found genes linked to skin and hair development are more active in Pashmina goats, which may explain their long-fiber production.
11 citations
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January 1989 Two patients had a unique form of trichothiodystrophy with reduced high-sulfur proteins in their hair.
1 citations
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November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Er:YAG laser therapy effectively treats Hailey-Hailey disease, leading to long-term remission and improved quality of life.
39 citations
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February 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin, a hair follicle protein, has a part with repeating patterns of 23 amino acids.
238 citations
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October 1994 in “Current opinion in genetics & development” The document concludes that recent research has improved understanding of skin diseases and the balance between cell growth and differentiation in the epidermis.