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GlossaryTotal Internal Reflection

light reflects entirely within a medium at a critical angle

Total Internal Reflection (TIR) occurs when a light wave traveling through a medium with a higher refractive index (like water or glass) hits the boundary of a medium with a lower refractive index (like air) at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to be completely reflected back into the original medium rather than refracting through the boundary. This phenomenon is crucial in fiber optics, where it allows light to be efficiently transmitted over long distances with minimal loss.

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Analyzing the Laser-Light Reflection from Human Hair Fibers Part 1: Light Components Underlying the Goniophotometric Curves and Fiber Cuticle Angles

research Analyzing the laser-light reflection from human hair fibers Part1: Light components underlying the goniophotometric curves and fiber cuticle angles

January 2003 in “Research Portal (King's College London)”

Hair color affects light reflection, with black hair having higher cuticle angles and lighter hair showing less specular reflection.

research Light scattering from human hair fibers

161 citations , July 2003 in “ACM Transactions on Graphics”

Researchers developed a new model for more realistic computer graphics rendering of hair by considering how light scatters on hair fibers.

research Light scattering from human hair fibers

90 citations , July 2003

Researchers developed a new model for more realistic computer graphics of hair by considering how light scatters on hair fibers.

research Studies of light scattering from ethnic hair fibers

7 citations , July 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Different hair types from various ethnic groups affect hair shine due to characteristics like thickness and shape.

research Investigation of hair dye deposition, hair color loss, and hair damage during multiple oxidative dyeing and shampooing cycles.

4 citations , August 2016 in “PubMed”

Repeated dyeing and shampooing cause hair color loss and damage.

research Optical coherence tomography examination of hair

September 2014 in “Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE”

OCT can effectively examine and reveal details about human hair and scalp conditions.

research Alopecia: from clinic to preclinic and back

1 citations , December 2019 in “Formuly farmacii”

Many people suffer from hair loss, which is caused by a disruption in hair growth, and there is a need for personalized treatments and new drugs.

Analyzing the Laser-Light Reflection from Human Hair Fibers: Deriving a Measure of Hair Luster

research Analyzing the laser‐light reflection from human hair fibers. II. Deriving a measure of hair luster

11 citations , July 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

The conclusion is that a new method to measure hair shine was confirmed to match people's visual assessments.

A Phase 1 Study to Investigate the Effects of Cortexolone 17α-Propionate, Also Known as Clascoterone, on the QT Interval Using the Meal Effect to Demonstrate ECG Assay Sensitivity

research A Phase 1 Study to Investigate the Effects of Cortexolone 17α‐Propionate, Also Known as Clascoterone, on the QT Interval Using the Meal Effect to Demonstrate ECG Assay Sensitivity

2 citations , May 2021 in “Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development”

Clascoterone is safe for the heart, even at high doses.

research A discourse on human hair fibers and reflections on the conservation of drug molecules

47 citations , June 1996 in “International Journal of Legal Medicine”

Hair analysis for drugs needs a better understanding of how drugs enter hair, considering factors like hair structure and pigmentation.

research Human hair follicles operate an internal Cori cycle and modulate their growth via glycogen phosphorylase

30 citations , October 2021 in “Scientific Reports”

Inhibiting glycogen metabolism can promote hair growth.

research Skin, a mirror reflecting diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal study in a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat

11 citations , January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Skin problems are common in people with diabetes and controlling blood sugar can reduce these issues.

research Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Human Hair Fiber Structure

19 citations , May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy”

Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.

research Internal structural changes in age‐related curved hair due to cyclical extension: An IR spectroscopy study

1 citations , January 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Age-related hair curvature increases due to internal structural changes from grooming.

Analyzing the Laser-Light Reflection from Human Hair Fibers: Light Components Underlying the Goniophotometric Curves and Fiber Cuticle Angles

research Analyzing the laser-light reflection from human hair fibers. I. Light components underlying the goniophotometric curves and fiber cuticle angles.

3 citations , July 2003 in “PubMed”

The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.

research Social rejection in minority groups and its impact on current and future mental health: a study in transgender people

1 citations , July 2025 in “BMC Psychology”

Social rejection can harm long-term mental health in transgender individuals.

research Resolution of paraneoplastic alopecia following surgical removal of a pancreatic carcinoma in a cat

52 citations , January 1999 in “Journal of Small Animal Practice”

Removing a cat's pancreatic cancer can temporarily reverse hair loss caused by the disease.

research Physical and mechanical properties of the hair shaft: A review of measurement techniques to verify the efficacy of cosmetic products

January 2024 in “Seven Editora eBooks”

Different techniques measure hair properties to ensure cosmetic products work.

research Transplantation immunology: Solid organ and bone marrow

139 citations , February 2010 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.

research Advances in genetic and molecular understanding of Omenn syndrome - implications for the future

2 citations , May 2018 in “Expert opinion on orphan drugs”

Newborn screening and gene therapy are expected to improve outcomes for Omenn syndrome patients.

research Non-Invasive Techniques for Evaluating Alopecia Areata

June 2023 in “Mædica”

Non-invasive methods can effectively diagnose and manage alopecia areata.

research What′s new in cicatricial alopecia?

16 citations , January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

New treatments and early diagnosis methods for permanent hair loss due to scar tissue are important for managing its psychological effects.

research Diagnostic Modalities in Trichology - An Update

January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation”

New hair and scalp disease diagnosis methods are important for correct treatment.

research Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Analysis of Human Hair: Comparison of Hair from Breast Cancer Patients with Hair from Healthy Subjects

42 citations , January 2005 in “Applied spectroscopy”

Hair from breast cancer patients shows changes in structure and composition, and a test using these changes detected cancer but also falsely identified some healthy samples as cancerous.

research Analysis of Lipids in the Medulla of Japanese Hair and Their Function

7 citations , April 2018 in “Cosmetics”

Lipids in Japanese hair help maintain glossiness and structure.

research Innovative Teaching Strategies for Medical Students: Encouraging Reflection on Patient Experiences Through Creative Methods and Meaningful Connections

April 2025 in “Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research”

Medical education should use creative and reflective methods to enhance empathy and critical thinking.

research Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Stratifies Early Trichoscopic Response to Platelet-Rich Plasma–Based Regimens in Non-Scarring Alopecia: A Real-World Cohort with Internal Validation Using an Interpretable Neural Network

April 2026 in “Life”

A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may predict poor response to hair loss treatment.

research Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair

37 citations , October 2015 in “PeerJ”

Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.

research Questionnaire Modifications and Alternative Scoring Methods of the Dermatology Life Quality Index: A Systematic Review

13 citations , April 2021 in “Value in Health”

There is a significant need for better-validated quality of life tools in dermatology.

research Structure of intermediate filament assembly in hair deduced from hydration studies using small-angle neutron scattering

9 citations , April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology”

Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.