1 citations
,
September 1981 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats virilized women, especially under 35, despite some side effects.
3 citations
,
April 1977 in “PubMed” The treatment improved acne, seborrhoea, and hirsutism, with some side effects like spotting and nervousness.
September 2018 in “The Journal of Urology” Clomiphene citrate is a cheap and simple treatment for low testosterone that works as well as human chorionic gonadotropin, alone or combined, especially for men who want to keep their fertility.
19 citations
,
July 2005 in “Steroids” Testosterone increases 3α-androstanediol levels, which can be blocked by finasteride.
82 citations
,
February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
March 2024 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The therapies improved ejaculation disorders and sexual function in middle-aged men.
24 citations
,
January 2017 in “International Journal of Trichology” June 2025 in “CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians” Transgender men need personalized cancer care and continued testosterone therapy for well-being.
19 citations
,
May 2020 in “American journal of men's health” Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.
3 citations
,
June 2016 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.
July 2023 in “International journal of dermatology, venereology and leprosy sciences” Intradermal injections might work better for common hair loss than other treatments.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
October 2022 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.
21 citations
,
April 1995 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Leydig cells can cause testosterone-secreting adrenal tumors in women.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
September 2012 in “African Journal of Urology” Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, mood, muscle strength, and bone density in men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome.
124 citations
,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
2 citations
,
March 2012 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” The body's change of testosterone into DHT is not necessary for testosterone's muscle and sexual effects.
4 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” Testosterone and finasteride raise insulin and zinc, lower chromium in male rats.
24 citations
,
November 2007 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” New and future treatments for male hypogonadism include various forms of testosterone therapy and emerging drugs.
23 citations
,
March 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Testosterone reduces knee flexibility by affecting relaxin receptors.
2 citations
,
March 2022 in “Laboratory Animal Research” A mild botulinum toxin injection improved sperm production and movement in aging mice.
5 citations
,
August 1987 in “Andrology” Men with low or no sperm count have lower salivary testosterone levels, and saliva testing can measure their testosterone well.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” A testosterone-induced hair loss model in mice was successfully created for future research and treatment testing.
6 citations
,
November 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Measuring plasma testosterone glucosiduronate is a reliable way to detect high male hormone levels in women.
32 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.
4 citations
,
December 1994 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol improved women's self-confidence and emotional well-being without a difference between oral or transdermal methods, but younger women preferred the oral method.