January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
January 2022 in “Turk Dermatoloji Dergisi” Topical procyanidin B2 significantly increases hair count and is a safe treatment for male pattern baldness.
January 1981 in “The Journal of Toxicological Sciences” Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate ointment caused reversible side effects like skin issues, weight gain, and organ changes in dogs.
June 1982 in “Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología” El acetato de ciproterona trata problemas androgénicos como hirsutismo, acné, seborrea y alopecia con diferentes dosis y combinaciones.
37 citations
,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
22 citations
,
April 1972 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Beard hair follicles convert testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone most intensively.
14 citations
,
August 2007 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” The compound (1R,2S)-4-(2-Cyano-cyclohexyl-oxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile can stimulate hair growth and reduce oil production when applied topically.
25 citations
,
September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
1 citations
,
September 2020 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Two teenage boys lost hair after taking a drug for growth, which was not a known side effect for kids.
May 2023 in “Metabolites” Myo-inositol plus α-lactalbumin works better than myo-inositol alone for improving symptoms of PCOS.
Testosterone in human pancreas cells boosts insulin production.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Cyproterone acetate is used to treat conditions like prostate cancer, early puberty, excessive sexual drive, and female androgenization by affecting androgen functions and suppressing certain hormones.
36 citations
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology” The combined therapy improved fertility in women with PCOS, especially in certain types.
Combining systemic steroids and dithranol can effectively regrow hair in severe alopecia areata.
19 citations
,
March 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone and letrozole treatment speeds up puberty in boys with delayed development.
13 citations
,
September 2013 in “Steroids” The DHT immunoassay is unreliable due to high cross-reactivity with testosterone.
112 citations
,
April 2009 in “Cochrane library” Spironolactone may reduce excessive hair growth in women but its effectiveness for acne is not supported.
4 citations
,
November 2024 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” 63 citations
,
January 2010 in “Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience” 3α-androstanediol helps reduce age-related cognitive and mood declines in male rats, unlike testosterone.
23 citations
,
March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” Most patients improved with oral contraceptives, but some needed additional treatment.
February 2009 in “RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)” Androgen receptor activity is influenced by hormones, co-factors, modifications, and mutations.
9 citations
,
June 2002 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.
14 citations
,
September 2017 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Barn owls with smaller black spots have higher testosterone levels, which might be due to genetic effects on hormone regulation rather than hormone effects on coloration.
37 citations
,
May 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” MK-386 lowers DHT in blood and skin but not in semen.
Ovulation inhibitors effectively treat menstrual issues and improve fertility but can have side effects.
1 citations
,
August 2024 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” Bicalutamide may effectively treat female pattern hair loss with minimal side effects.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “Han'gug sigpum yeong'yang gwahag hoeji/Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition” Eurycoma longifolia extract may help increase testosterone levels and reduce andropause symptoms.