14 citations
,
April 2016 in “PloS one” The KRTAP11-1 gene promoter is crucial for specific expression in sheep wool cortex.
52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
20 citations
,
December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.
6 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of applied polymer science” A new method using poly(ethylene imine) improves hair dyeing at lower temperatures with better color retention.
22 citations
,
November 2014 in “Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics” Cysteines in wool fibers are accessible and form important disulfide bonds.
1 citations
,
October 2017 in “ecancermedicalscience” Breast cancer alters specific molecular structures in hair, which revert after cancer removal.
30 citations
,
April 2017 in “Journal of structural biology” Human hair keratin fibers have a detailed nano-scale structure that changes with different conditions.
3 citations
,
August 1980 in “Acs Symposium Series” Hair increases in size when it absorbs water, and treatments like bleaching affect how much water it can take in.
8 citations
,
July 2011 in “Animal science journal” Keratin 33A is a key protein in goat winter coats, especially in high-producing breeds.
49 citations
,
April 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair ages as the cuticle wears down, especially beyond 1 meter from the root, affecting its strength and shine.
5 citations
,
December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
October 2024 in “UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University)” Straightening and dyeing damage hair structure.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Ozonated water damages hair structure and proteins.
19 citations
,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
18 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
15 citations
,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
2 citations
,
July 2019 in “Cosmetics” Beautiful hair is flexible and elastic due to its unique double-layered structure and can be enhanced with succinic acid treatment.
Hair fibers degrade and change color in very basic water.
93 citations
,
May 1990 in “The EMBO Journal” Mice with extra sheep genes had hair that fell out and regrew in cycles.
9 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of Natural Fibers” Magra sheep's wool luster is linked to specific keratin gene expression and protein variations.
30 citations
,
April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
85 citations
,
October 2007 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Curly hair shape is due to uneven growth patterns in the hair follicle.
54 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Biological Macromolecules” A new method effectively separates keratin-associated proteins and keratin from human hair.
6 citations
,
October 2016 Understanding how keratin structures in hair are arranged and interact is key for creating methods to extract and purify them.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
48 citations
,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.
30 citations
,
July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
83 citations
,
May 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology” Sheep have 17 keratin genes, similar to humans, but with different expression patterns affecting wool and hair.
4 citations
,
August 2014 in “Journal of molecular structure” Chemical treatments on bleached black hair change its internal structure by breaking and reforming bonds, and treatments with hydrolyzed eggwhite protein help repair it.