February 2023 in “JAAD case reports” Reducing immunosuppression and using antiviral creams improved the woman's skin condition.
13 citations
,
May 2016 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Keratin's mechanical properties are influenced by hydrogen bonds and secondary structure, and can be improved with the SPD-2 peptide.
27 citations
,
January 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” Immune cells affect hair growth and could lead to new hair loss treatments.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
research Acne
2 citations
,
May 2011 in “Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology” Acne is a common skin condition linked to diet, hormones, and genetics, and early treatment can prevent scarring.
74 citations
,
June 2018 in “Cell death and disease” Restoring mitochondrial function in mice reversed their skin wrinkling and hair loss.
21 citations
,
May 2024 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A” Myhre syndrome symptoms worsen over time, with specific genetic variants affecting severity.
9 citations
,
August 2021 in “Experimental dermatology” Hidradenitis suppurativa is a skin disease caused by the breakdown of the skin's natural immune barriers, especially around hair follicles.
August 2025 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” Accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment are crucial in dermatopathology.
19 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Propionibacterium acnes might be linked to hair casts and possibly alopecia.
19 citations
,
November 1993 in “Mammalian Genome” A gene mutation in mice causes permanent hair loss and skin issues.
6 citations
,
October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine claws have complex structures with different keratin types, similar to hair and nails.
Spiny keratoderma is a rare skin condition with small spines on palms and soles, possibly linked to abnormal hair formation.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
30 citations
,
January 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Spiny keratoderma may be ectopic hair formation on palms and soles.
March 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Spiny mice have a unique skin structure that helps them heal and regenerate quickly.
January 2023 in “International journal of biological sciences” COX2 and ATP synthase control the size of hedgehog spines.
29 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of Experimental Biology” Tarantula feet likely have chemoreceptors, not silk-producing parts.
86 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
February 2025 in “Animals” Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
43 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
418 citations
,
September 2012 in “Nature” African spiny mice can regenerate skin, hair, and cartilage, but not muscle, and their unique abilities could be useful for regenerative medicine.
33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
19 citations
,
November 2014 in “Journal of Comparative Physiology A” Spider joint hair sensilla are adapted to sense movement during walking.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
46 citations
,
July 2007 in “Journal of comparative neurology” Manatee whiskers are specially adapted for touch in water.
May 2025 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.