9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin fibers in hair twist left-handed.
7 citations
,
January 1995 in “The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences” The Indian buffalo teat has a melanin-rich epidermis, no hair follicles, and a complex structure with muscle, blood vessels, and immune cells.
6 citations
,
October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine claws have complex structures with different keratin types, similar to hair and nails.
3 citations
,
January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
2 citations
,
October 2007 in “Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal” Buffalo lips are well-suited for eating plants.
September 2023 in “SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine” Talquetamab may cause hair loss and skin issues.
January 2015 in “Chinese Veterinary Science” Recognizing ultrastructures of cashmere goat hair follicles helps identify and locate follicle layers.
August 2013 in “日本医療薬学会年会講演要旨集” Hair contains complex lipids, including cholesterol and fatty acids, similar to skin.
January 2012 in “eScholarship (California Digital Library)” Hair and nails contain stable RNA, useful for personalized medicine and screening.
May 2005 in “Zhonghua chuangshang guke zazhi” Human hair keratin can help nerve regeneration and is a promising material for nerve repair.
January 1995 in “Skin Cancer” The outer root sheath in hair follicles changes during growth, with different keratinization processes in its layers.
Spiny keratoderma is a rare skin condition with small spines on palms and soles, possibly linked to abnormal hair formation.
30 citations
,
January 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Spiny keratoderma may be ectopic hair formation on palms and soles.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
March 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Spiny mice have a unique skin structure that helps them heal and regenerate quickly.
86 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
29 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of Experimental Biology” Tarantula feet likely have chemoreceptors, not silk-producing parts.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
19 citations
,
November 2014 in “Journal of Comparative Physiology A” Spider joint hair sensilla are adapted to sense movement during walking.
37 citations
,
February 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” Spiny mice are better at regenerating hair after injury than laboratory mice and could help us understand how to improve human skin repair.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
September 2016 in “Journal of dermatological science” Transplanted whisker follicles caused hair growth on the spine of mice.
43 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
4 citations
,
January 2025 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Spiny mice can regenerate tissues instead of forming scars.
418 citations
,
September 2012 in “Nature” African spiny mice can regenerate skin, hair, and cartilage, but not muscle, and their unique abilities could be useful for regenerative medicine.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” African spiny mice can regenerate skin and hair after wounds due to specific tissue mechanics.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
10 citations
,
November 2013 in “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education” Keratins are crucial proteins for hair and nails, with a structure that helps teach protein principles.