Spiny keratoderma is a rare skin condition with small spines on palms and soles, possibly linked to abnormal hair formation.
30 citations
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January 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Spiny keratoderma may be ectopic hair formation on palms and soles.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
March 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Spiny mice have a unique skin structure that helps them heal and regenerate quickly.
82 citations
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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
86 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
29 citations
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March 2012 in “Journal of Experimental Biology” Tarantula feet likely have chemoreceptors, not silk-producing parts.
90 citations
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July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
37 citations
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February 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” Spiny mice are better at regenerating hair after injury than laboratory mice and could help us understand how to improve human skin repair.
33 citations
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October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
6 citations
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August 1937 in “Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry” 19 citations
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November 2014 in “Journal of Comparative Physiology A” Spider joint hair sensilla are adapted to sense movement during walking.
43 citations
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July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
4 citations
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January 2025 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Spiny mice can regenerate tissues instead of forming scars.
September 2016 in “Journal of dermatological science” Transplanted whisker follicles caused hair growth on the spine of mice.
418 citations
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September 2012 in “Nature” African spiny mice can regenerate skin, hair, and cartilage, but not muscle, and their unique abilities could be useful for regenerative medicine.
36 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
51 citations
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
20 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
46 citations
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July 2007 in “Journal of comparative neurology” Manatee whiskers are specially adapted for touch in water.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
10 citations
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November 2013 in “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education” Keratins are crucial proteins for hair and nails, with a structure that helps teach protein principles.
January 1980 in “中国科学A辑(英文版)” The protein structures in the hair and tendon were preserved, but their molecular arrangements changed.
61 citations
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February 1982 in “Cell and Tissue Research” 14 citations
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May 1979 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Trichostasis spinulosa mainly affects the nose, with many tiny hairs in one follicle, possibly influenced by hormones and sunlight.
10 citations
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January 1925 in “Archives of Dermatology” Trichostasis spinulosa is a rare skin condition with hair-filled plugs in hair follicles.
December 2000 in “日本組織細胞化学会総会プログラムおよび抄録集” 53 citations
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September 1999 in “Journal of Synchrotron Radiation” Keratinous tissues have multiple structural layers, including ordered keratin and lipid granules.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” African spiny mice can regenerate skin and hair after wounds due to specific tissue mechanics.