Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.
375 citations
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June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
16 citations
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September 2018 in “Scientific reports” Scientists created keratinocyte cell lines from human hair that can differentiate similarly to normal skin cells, offering a new way to study skin biology and diseases.
81 citations
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June 2012 in “European journal of human genetics” Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.
73 citations
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January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
17 citations
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June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
4 citations
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May 2020 in “PLOS ONE” Ingenol mebutate gel changes gene expression related to skin development and immune response in actinic keratosis.
120 citations
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February 2009 in “Apoptosis” Understanding how cells die in the skin is important for treating skin diseases and preventing hair loss.
14 citations
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September 2006 in “OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology” DNA microarrays help study skin diseases and biology, leading to advancements in understanding and treatment.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A single medium, PRIME AIRLIFT, supports better human hair follicle formation in grafts.
February 2026 in “Nature Communications” A specific group of immune and skin cells may cause chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
5 citations
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January 2022 in “Scientific reports” The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.
1 citations
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August 2024 in “Transgenic Research” Activated β-catenin affects hair growth and skin thickness, and changes are reversible.
146 citations
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May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology” Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.
34 citations
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April 2009 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minoxidil affects cell growth in two ways: low doses increase growth, while high doses slow it down and can be toxic.
27 citations
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July 2017 in “Scientific Reports” N-WASP is essential for healthy skin and preventing inflammation.
10 citations
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December 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PDCD4 is important for controlling skin cell growth and healing.
9 citations
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August 2017 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology” Red light at 627 nm can safely trigger IL-4 release in skin cells, potentially helping treat inflammatory skin conditions.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)” Unani medicine and modern dermatology both offer treatments for ichthyosis, a condition causing dry, scaly skin.
November 2023 in “Linköping University medical dissertations” Keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells can effectively heal difficult skin wounds.
15 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
39 citations
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August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
6 citations
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August 2015 in “Journal of Molecular Histology” Caspase-7 has functions in skin and hair that are not related to cell death.
17 citations
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October 2017 in “Scientific reports” Fine wool sheep have more genes for wool quality, while coarse wool sheep have more for skin and muscle traits.
15 citations
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March 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.
12 citations
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December 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” The C-terminal tail of AHF/trichohyalin is essential for organizing keratin filaments in keratinocytes.
April 2024 in “Cell death and differentiation” Cell death shapes skin stem cell environments, affecting inflammation, repair, and cancer.
The chapter explains that there are many genetic skin disorders affecting skin cell formation, including both common and rare types.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “Bioengineering” Keratin helps skin cells mature when added to a collagen mix, which could be important for skin and hair health.
277 citations
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July 2011 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association” The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.