March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
20 citations
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January 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Older people's hair cuticles get more easily damaged and lose protective oils, especially in their 40s and 50s.
314 citations
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April 2010 in “Developmental Cell” β-catenin in the dermal papilla is crucial for normal hair growth and repair.
24 citations
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December 1957 in “Experimental Cell Research” The glassy layer of hair follicles has different fibril sizes and arrangements in guinea pigs and young mice.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Early-stage skin substitutes improve wound healing and skin structure.
January 2023 in “Springer eBooks” Epidermolysis bullosa is an inherited condition causing fragile skin with no cure, managed by wound care and experimental treatments show promise.
25 citations
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August 2020 in “Experimental eye research/Experimental Eye Research” Different types of cells in the eye express specific keratins at various stages of development.
75 citations
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September 1985 in “Archives of dermatology” Two boys had a rare skin condition needing to be differentiated from similar disorders, with unclear inheritance due to few cases.
41 citations
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June 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Engineered skin substitutes can grow hair but have limitations like missing sebaceous glands and hair not breaking through the skin naturally.
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December 2020 The interdigital gland in crossbred sheep is similar to skin and has specialized structures for secretion.
September 2012 in “대한피부과학회지” Desmocollin 1 helps maintain skin structure during fetal development.
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October 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Keratin K6irs is a marker for the inner root sheath of hair follicles in mice and humans.
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December 1984 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Monilethrix hair issues are due to problems in the hair's internodes.
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March 2013 in “Biology Letters” Early tetrapod keratins evolved into toe pad proteins in amphibians and hair proteins in mammals.
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August 2012 in “Cell death and differentiation” Intu gene is crucial for hair follicle formation by helping keratinocytes differentiate through primary cilia.
245 citations
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January 1998 in “Genes & Development” Hoxc13 gene is essential for hair, nail, and papilla development.
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July 2005 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Terrestrial vertebrates have balanced keratin gene clusters, unlike teleost fish.
July 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Skin's uneven surface and hair follicles affect its stress and strain but don't change its overall strength, and help prevent the skin from peeling apart.
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March 1981 in “PubMed” A girl grew extra hair in areas where she had insect bites.
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May 1990 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” 35 citations
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September 2006 in “American Journal Of Pathology” Odontogenic keratocysts are caused by abnormal Hedgehog signaling and can lead to tooth and bone issues.
June 2019 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Alopecia in patients with epidermolysis bullosa varies in severity and is often caused by skin blistering or trauma.
1 citations
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January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology” Circle hairs are harmless, spiral-shaped body hairs that don't need medical treatment.
August 2024 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Alopecia is common in severe cases of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis.
16 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair and wool have diverse keratins and keratin-associated proteins.
November 2019 in “Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology” Mutations in keratin genes cause skin, hair, and nail disorders, with future treatments possible.
November 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Dermal EZH2 controls skin cell growth and differentiation in mice.
25 citations
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January 2014 in “Annals of Dermatology” Sfrp2 increases during hair follicle catagen phase and slows keratinocyte growth.
March 2026 in “Experimental Dermatology” The new model helps understand and develop treatments for genetic skin disorders like AEC.