1744 citations
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August 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome should be seen mainly as a condition of excess male hormones, with a focus on this in its definition.
1540 citations
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October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
57 citations
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November 1987 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Children's hair grows in different types from before birth through puberty, with growth rates and characteristics varying by age, sex, and race.
57 citations
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April 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Vitamin D receptor is crucial for starting hair growth after birth.
20 citations
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October 2017 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.
4 citations
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January 2023 in “Journal of Human Hypertension” Women experience more side effects and have worse blood pressure control from hypertension treatments than men, despite using different medications.
4 citations
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March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
158 citations
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May 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair growth is influenced by dynamic changes in hair follicle cells, which could help treat hair loss.
36 citations
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May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.
7 citations
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June 1994 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Obesity may contribute to female hair loss by increasing male hormone levels that affect hair follicles.
3 citations
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November 2021 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Autologous cellular micrografts improve hair density and thickness in the short term for androgenetic alopecia.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Oral spironolactone effectively promotes hair growth in premenopausal women but may cause irregular menstruation.
198 citations
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July 2011 in “Cochrane library” Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
66 citations
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January 2017 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.
48 citations
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December 2019 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” More research is needed to confirm sperm DNA fragmentation as a reliable tool for diagnosing male infertility.
38 citations
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June 2004 in “Human Reproduction” The document suggests that clinical trials for PCOS should focus on meaningful primary outcomes like live birth rates, rather than less reliable surrogate markers.
19 citations
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May 1984 in “Digestive diseases and sciences” A young woman's Cronkhite-Canada syndrome improved on its own after she gave birth.
3 citations
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October 1982 in “Postgraduate Medicine” Most types of hair loss can regrow naturally, but there are no effective cures for male pattern or age-related hair loss, and only limited options for females.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The Siah1 and Siah2 genes are active in mouse skin development and hair growth, especially right after birth.
March 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Topical 3% minoxidil effectively and safely enhances facial hair in transgender men.
131 citations
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August 2004 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.
141 citations
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January 1984 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Pregnancy can cause skin darkening, varicose veins, more sweating, hair growth, hair loss after birth, nail changes, and gum inflammation.
7 citations
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May 1978 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Recent hair loss research shows some progress, especially in understanding male pattern baldness, but effective treatments for many types of hair loss are still lacking.
53 citations
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October 1993 in “Drug Safety” Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.
15 citations
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January 2018 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology” Women with androgenetic alopecia have lower zinc and iron levels.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma” Most 46XX CAH patients have female identity, but a few identify as male and may need treatment and surgery.
6 citations
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September 2021 in “Autophagy” Autophagy prevents early aging and maintains lipid and pheromone balance in mouse glands.