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May 2021 in “EMBO journal” Cell polarity signaling controls tissue mechanics and cell fate, with complex interactions and varying pathways across species.
June 2025 in “Preprints.org” EDA is vital for bone and cartilage formation and could help treat skeletal disorders.
November 2024 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Basement membrane changes are crucial for hair follicle development.
December 2023 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” The mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse model shows how the basement membrane develops in live mammals.
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” The conclusion is that accurately replicating the complexity of the extracellular matrix in the lab is crucial for creating realistic human tissue models.
November 2022 in “Regenerative Therapy” Advancements in tissue engineering show promise for hair follicle regeneration to treat hair loss.
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May 2013 in “Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia” Hedgehog signaling is crucial for mammary gland development over hair follicles.
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August 1999 in “Mechanisms of Development” Pmg-1 and Pmg-2 are new genes important for skin and mammary gland development.
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October 2005 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Early involution in Hirosaki hairless rats' mammary glands is linked to a unique modification of STAT5A.
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February 2011 in “Equine veterinary education” A mare had severe symptoms and died from a large lymphoma.
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January 2013 in “genesis” Zfp157 is active in many mouse tissues during development and in specific adult cells.
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June 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Activating β-catenin in mammary cells leads to changes that cause early-stage abnormal growths similar to skin structures.
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January 1998 in “International journal of cancer” Rubbing vitamin D3 on skin can help prevent hair loss from chemotherapy and slow breast tumor growth in mice.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Extracellular vesicles from mammary cells help heal skin wounds effectively.
November 2023 in “Journal of animal science/Journal of animal science ... and ASAS reference compendium” SLICK cattle have better heat tolerance due to specific gene expression and pathway differences.
February 2017 in “Developmental Cell” Mammary stem cells drive mammary gland growth by branching and cell mixing.
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January 1998 in “Dermatology” Polythelia pilosa is a type of extra breast tissue with hair and should be classified as such.
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April 2014 in “Anatomy Research International” Buffalo mammary glands develop in stages from 34 to 229 days during prenatal growth.
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May 2002 in “PubMed” LGD1069 effectively prevents breast tumors in mice without toxicity.
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January 2015 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Progesterone byproduct 5αP stimulates mammary tumor growth, but finasteride can suppress it.
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May 2023 in “npj Regenerative Medicine” Macrophages help maintain mammary stem cells and tissue balance through specific signaling pathways.
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July 2017 in “Cancer Research” Overexpressing NSD3 in mice causes breast cancer-like tumors and gland abnormalities.
September 2025 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” PRAME is often present in Paget disease and could help in diagnosis, but more research is needed.
September 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Macrophages help maintain mammary stem cells and balance through specific signaling.
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January 1995 in “The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences” The Indian buffalo teat has a melanin-rich epidermis, no hair follicles, and a complex structure with muscle, blood vessels, and immune cells.
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218 citations
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October 2013 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.