19 citations
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January 2001 in “Dermatology + psychosomatics” The review concluded that male pattern baldness is mostly seen negatively, affecting attractiveness and social appeal.
December 2025 in “Canadian Urological Association Journal” Alternative therapies for men's health lack strong scientific support and need more research.
5 citations
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August 2021 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Retinoic acid affects male and female muscle energy use and function differently.
38 citations
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November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”
March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.
26 citations
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September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
December 2023 in “European Journal of Psychology Open” Men who are perfectionists feel more upset about baldness, partly due to aging anxiety.
55 citations
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March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.
3 citations
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February 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.
20 citations
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December 2016 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Men prefer less invasive cosmetic procedures and need different treatment approaches than women.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The model improves understanding of androgen interactions by focusing on signal intensity and system capacity.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
10 citations
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October 2017 in “Dermatologic clinics” Aging in men is influenced by genetics and lifestyle, leading to muscle loss, bone issues, and skin damage.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Lifestyle changes and environmental strategies can help address declining testosterone levels.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The model improves understanding of androgen interactions by focusing on signal intensity and system capacity.
35 citations
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October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
38 citations
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January 1991 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Men over 35 with hair improvement felt better psychologically, while younger men felt better even without hair improvement.
Men with hair loss and shorter height may be perceived as less attractive.
72 citations
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October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
54 citations
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
Early baldness and little chest hair may indicate higher prostate cancer risk.
November 2025 in “Basic and Clinical Andrology” Male relatives of women with PCOS show similar health issues, suggesting a male version of the condition.
11 citations
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November 2014 in “Behavior Genetics”
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
14 citations
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February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.
2 citations
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September 2012 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Societal pressure for the perfect body leads to health risks and disorders.
108 citations
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September 2002 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.
47 citations
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January 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.
April 2023 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery”
January 2024 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The conclusion is that certain traits, including perceived facial aging and BMI, are linked to perceived youthfulness differently in men and women.