37 citations
,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
31 citations
,
March 2010 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Androgens like testosterone increase colon muscle contractions by affecting calcium pathways.
9 citations
,
February 2020 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Some men with early hair loss may have a male version of PCOS, affecting hormones and increasing health risks.
11 citations
,
January 2000 in “Der Hautarzt” Male hypogonadism affects skin and hair, causing thin skin, less hair, and skin reactions to treatment.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
1 citations
,
January 2004 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Low-dose finasteride can cause painful breast enlargement in men, which resolves after stopping the medication.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
4 citations
,
July 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy” Hormone therapy increases facial and body hair in transgender men, while hair removal improves well-being in transgender women, but cost is a barrier as insurance often doesn't cover it. Dermatologists can use various treatments for these hair issues.
Androgens increase norepinephrine release, promoting smooth muscle growth in male sex organs, which may contribute to benign prostatic hypertrophy.
233 citations
,
November 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
Male hormones can decrease the ability of immune cells to fight bacteria.
March 1997 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Excessive hair growth in women can be treated with medications like spironolactone and finasteride, and male-pattern baldness in women can be improved with similar treatments.
4 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” Early balding in men might be a male hormonal equivalent of polycystic ovaries syndrome in women.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
5 citations
,
October 1990 in “Archives of Dermatology”
A woman's excess male hormone symptoms were caused by a rare benign tumor in her ovary.
186 citations
,
February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.
4 citations
,
January 1982 in “Endocrinologia Japonica” Androgens regulate 5 alpha-reductase activity in hamster sebaceous glands.
April 2016 in “Journal of Aesthetic Nursing” Men are increasingly removing body hair for looks and cleanliness, and while hair loss can cause distress, it doesn't affect their self-esteem as much as it does in women.
Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” Gender-affirming therapy can cause skin issues like acne and hair loss in transgender adolescents, and more research is needed on its dermatological effects.
85 citations
,
March 2002 in “Body & Society” The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.
Menopause is a clear hormonal transition in women, while men experience a gradual testosterone decline, with some needing lifestyle changes and targeted therapy.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors for hair loss and hirsutism.