33 citations
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April 2015 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5α reductase inhibitors treat hair loss but may cause sexual side effects and risks.
Men with early-onset hair loss are less responsive to bromocriptine's heart and metabolism benefits.
18 citations
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January 2002 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” New pregnane derivatives were more effective than finasteride at inhibiting a key enzyme for male pattern baldness.
Finasteride causes reproductive malformations in male rats.
20 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of dermatological science” Male hormones indirectly affect skin cell development by increasing growth factor levels from skin fibroblasts.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
16 citations
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August 1989 in “Human Reproduction” Hirsutism in females is caused by high male hormones or sensitive hair follicles.
5 citations
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January 2025 in “Science Advances” 5α-reductase 2 is crucial for stress response in male rats.
A 10-year-old girl's symptoms improved after surgery to remove a benign adrenal tumor.
9 citations
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January 2018 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride use can cause lasting negative effects like sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues.
5 citations
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December 2004 in “Dermatology” Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.
38 citations
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May 2010 in “American Journal Of Pathology” 17β-Estradiol slows wound healing in male mice through estrogen receptor-α.
57 citations
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July 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” 5α-reductase inhibitors increase the risk of sexual dysfunction, especially in men with enlarged prostate.
April 2026 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride and dutasteride reduce semen quality, with dutasteride having a stronger negative effect.
111 citations
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August 2015 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” 5α-reductase inhibitors may cause persistent sexual dysfunction and depression, needing more research on long-term effects.
56 citations
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January 2015 in “Circulation” Finasteride helps reduce heart issues and improves heart function.
124 citations
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July 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Overexpressing a specific enzyme in mice causes hair loss and female infertility.
October 2024 in “Dermatologica Sinica” ECM changes may play a role in hair loss, with differences between males and females.
7 citations
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August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
2 citations
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June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
October 2023 in “FASEB bioAdvances” Akkermansia muciniphila may help prevent testosterone-related hair loss.
December 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Rare ovarian tumors can cause increased male hormones in postmenopausal women; surgery is an effective treatment.
13 citations
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December 2018 in “Development, Growth & Differentiation” Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.
August 2017 in “Journal of pediatric surgery case reports” A toddler with a rare adrenal gland tumor causing male-like physical changes was successfully treated with surgery.
9 citations
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March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
February 2017 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride for hair loss can cause erectile dysfunction due to tissue fibrosis.
April 2022 in “The Journal of Urology” Men may experience long-term sexual dysfunction after stopping Finasteride.
June 2023 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Menopause” 138 citations
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November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.