29 citations
,
November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
38 citations
,
July 1989 in “Archives of dermatological research” Testosterone causes hair loss in AGA mice, which are good for testing baldness treatments, and both minoxidil and cyproterone acetate can prevent this hair loss.
March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” January 2026 in “Mendeley Data” March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” 43 citations
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April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
42 citations
,
February 1985 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Excessive hair growth can be assessed by history, exam, and blood tests, and treated with medication like dexamethasone, birth control pills, and spironolactone.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
March 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.
22 citations
,
December 1991 in “PubMed” March 2016 in “Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association” The woman likely has a hormonal imbalance causing excessive hair growth.
10 citations
,
February 2017 in “European journal of neuroscience/EJN. European journal of neuroscience” The availability of certain hormones and specific stimulation patterns affect long-term synaptic changes in the male rat brain.
2 citations
,
July 2017 in “Oman medical journal” A man with a rare adrenal cancer showed unusual symptoms and died four months after diagnosis.
7 citations
,
January 2004 in “Drugs of today” 5alpha-reductase inhibitors help treat hair loss and prostate issues but may cause sexual side effects.
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgens at birth reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
35 citations
,
February 1994 in “Fundamental and applied toxicology” High doses of finasteride cause cell growth and tumors in mice.
March 2015 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Testosterone affects skin by increasing oil production and influences hair growth.
Dutasteride and finasteride can change hair growth genes, helping treat hair loss.
2 citations
,
February 2021 in “Brain Research” Testosterone affects blood pressure control and inflammation in male rats with endotoxic shock, and blocking certain hormones may help treat it.
June 2016 in “Baghdad Science Journal” Young men with early baldness may have lower Luteinizing Hormone levels due to higher dihydrotestosterone, possibly linked to certain drugs or gland disorders.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Ovarian stromal hyperplasia can cause high testosterone in postmenopausal women and is treated by removing the ovaries.
January 2010 in “Springer eBooks” 26 citations
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March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.
59 citations
,
October 2020 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports” Men have higher COVID-19 mortality rates than women due to biological and lifestyle factors.
2 citations
,
August 1999 in “PubMed” 52 citations
,
March 2022 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have stronger immune responses to COVID-19 than males, leading to better outcomes.
31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A young patient with unusual insulin resistance and high testosterone levels had a rare INSR gene mutation.
63 citations
,
March 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Evaluate postmenopausal women with high androgen levels using medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to manage health risks.