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GlossaryMelanosomes

specialized organelles that produce and store melanin pigment

Melanosomes are specialized organelles within cells called melanocytes that produce and store melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. These organelles play a crucial role in protecting the skin from UV radiation by absorbing and dissipating harmful rays.

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The Silver Locus Product (Silv/gp100/Pmel17) as a New Tool for the Analysis of Melanosome Transfer in Human Melanocyte–Keratinocyte Co-Culture

research The silver locus product (Silv/gp100/Pmel17) as a new tool for the analysis of melanosome transfer in human melanocyte–keratinocyte co‐culture

68 citations , March 2008 in “Experimental dermatology”

The new assay can track and measure melanosome transfer between skin cells, confirming filopodia's role in this process.

research Tyrosinase Depletion Prevents the Maturation of Melanosomes in the Mouse Hair Follicle

31 citations , November 2015 in “PloS one”

Reducing Tyrosinase prevents mature color pigment cells from forming in mouse hair.

research Silk Fibroin-Based Hydrogel Microneedles Deliver α-MSH to Promote Melanosome Delivery for Vitiligo Treatment

17 citations , April 2023 in “ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering”

Silk fibroin microneedles can effectively treat vitiligo by promoting skin pigmentation.

research Effects of Aging on Hair Color, Melanosomes, and Melanin Composition in Japanese Males and Their Sex Differences

7 citations , November 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

As Japanese males age, their hair darkens due to increased melanin, with males generally having darker hair than females.

Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim Extract Enhances Melanin Biosynthesis and Melanosome Biogenesis/Transfer

research Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Extract exhibits pigmentation by melanin biosynthesis and melanosome biogenesis/transfer

6 citations , September 2022 in “Frontiers in pharmacology”

Epimedium extract helps increase skin pigmentation and could be a new treatment for conditions with reduced pigmentation.

research The distribution of melanocytes and the degradation of melanosomes in fetal hair follicles

4 citations , January 2019 in “Micron”

Fetal hair follicles have melanocytes with melanosomes at different stages, which are broken down into pigment particles in keratinocytes.

Synergistic Delivery of Ginseng Exosomes and Biomimetic Melanosomes via Temporally Controlled Hydrogel Microneedles Restrain the Pathologic Triad of Vitiligo

research Synergistic delivery of ginseng exosomes and biomimetic melanosomes via temporally controlled hydrogel microneedles restrain the pathologic triad of vitiligo

March 2026 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology”

A new microneedle treatment can effectively repigment skin in vitiligo.

research 516 Dynein is involved in the movement, distribution, acidity, and transfer of melanosomes

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Dynlt3 is important for melanosome transport and skin coloration.

research The potential impact of melanosomal pH and metabolism on melanoma

3 citations , November 2022 in “Frontiers in Oncology”

Melanin may help melanoma cells grow by aiding their metabolism.

research Tribuloside acts on the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway to enhance melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport

December 2023 in “Journal of ethnopharmacology”

Tribuloside can increase skin pigmentation by enhancing melanin production and distribution.

research Skin melanocytes: biology and development

401 citations , January 2013 in “Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii”

The paper concludes that understanding melanocyte development can help in insights into skin diseases and melanoma diversity.

research Human hair melanins: what we have learned and have not learned from mouse coat color pigmentation

140 citations , August 2010 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research”

We know a lot about mouse hair color, but not much about human hair color differences.

research Mutations in ABCB6 Cause Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria

99 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Mutations in the ABCB6 gene cause Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria.

research Melanocytes: The new Black

93 citations , October 2006 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology”

Melanocytes are crucial for skin pigmentation and can affect conditions like melanoma, vitiligo, and albinism, as well as hair color and hearing.

research Structure and function of melanocytes: microscopic morphology and cell biology of mouse melanocytes in the epidermis and hair follicle.

69 citations , January 1995 in “PubMed”

Mouse melanocyte structure and function are influenced by genetics, hormones, and environmental factors.

research Epidermal pigmentation in the human lineage is an adaptation to ultraviolet radiation

62 citations , October 2013 in “Journal of Human Evolution/Journal of human evolution”

Forensic DNA Phenotyping can help predict physical traits from crime scene DNA to identify suspects.

research Pharmacological BACE1 and BACE2 inhibition induces hair depigmentation by inhibiting PMEL17 processing in mice

58 citations , February 2016 in “Scientific reports”

Blocking BACE1 and BACE2 enzymes causes hair color loss in mice.

research Ultrastructural Resemblance of Basal Cell Epithelioma to Primary Epithelial Germ

47 citations , April 1978 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Basal cell epithelioma resembles fetal hair follicles, not adult or fetal skin.

research <p>Asian Hair: A Review of Structures, Properties, and Distinctive Disorders</p>

39 citations , April 2020 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Asian hair is generally straight and thick, with unique disorders and properties, and more research is needed to understand it fully.

research Variation in human hair ultrastructure among three biogeographic populations

28 citations , November 2018 in “Journal of structural biology”

Different populations have distinct hair structures related to their ancestry.

research Human pollution exposure correlates with accelerated ultrastructural degradation of hair fibers

23 citations , August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.

Multifunctional Merkel Cells: Their Roles in Electromagnetic Reception, Fingerprint Formation, Reiki, Epigenetic Inheritance, and Hair Form

research Multifunctional Merkel cells: Their roles in electromagnetic reception, finger-print formation, Reiki, epigenetic inheritance and hair form

23 citations , March 2010 in “Medical hypotheses”

Merkel cells may have roles in sensing magnetic fields, creating fingerprints, Reiki energy healing, passing on environmental information to offspring, and influencing hair shape.

research Human skin color: Origin, variation and significance

22 citations , January 1985 in “Journal of Human Evolution/Journal of human evolution”

Human skin and hair color variation is mainly due to melanin produced by a few genes, with melanin protecting against sun damage.

research Colour Dilution Alopecia (CDA) in Ten yorkshire Terriers

20 citations , December 1995 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

Yorkshire Terriers with Colour Dilution Alopecia have reduced melanin and hair structure issues.

research A Comprehensive Review of Mammalian Pigmentation: Paving the Way for Innovative Hair Colour-Changing Cosmetics

20 citations , February 2023 in “Biology”

Innovative cosmetics could safely change hair color by targeting biological hair pigmentation processes.

research Distribution of Glycolipid and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Hair

18 citations , August 2014 in “Lipids”

Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.

research Hair Pigmentation: A Research Update

16 citations , November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Hair color is determined by different melanins and changes with age.

research HGF/SF Increases Number of Skin Melanocytes but Does Not Alter Quality or Quantity of Follicular Melanogenesis

14 citations , November 2013 in “PloS one”

HGF/SF increases skin melanocytes but doesn't change melanin type or amount.

research Giant pigmented tumour of the scalp—a diffuse neurofibroma or a congenital naevus showing neurofibromatous changes? Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies

12 citations , August 1988 in “Histopathology”

The tumor likely shows dual neural crest differentiation.

research Update on Melasma—Part I: Pathogenesis

10 citations , July 2022 in “Dermatology and Therapy”

Melasma's causes include genetics, sun exposure, hormones, and oxidative stress, and understanding these can help create better treatments.