150 citations
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April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.
111 citations
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August 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” New compounds were made that block an enzyme linked to breast cancer better than existing treatments.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
May 2006 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Progesterone and its metabolites affect myelin protein expression differently in male and female rat Schwann cells.
1 citations
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July 2011 in “Climacteric” Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.
May 1993 in “Drugs & Therapy Perspectives” Formestane is a preferred second-line treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women because it's effective and has fewer side effects.
7 citations
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May 2022 in “Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology” Compounds from Etlingera alba may help treat Triple Negative Breast Cancer.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
8 citations
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October 2013 in “Chemistry Central Journal” Metabolite 7 is a strong inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease management.
June 2025 in “Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia” Etlingera alba extract may help treat breast cancer with fewer side effects.
3 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
15 citations
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April 2008 in “Steroids” The more lipophilic the progesterone derivative, the better it binds to androgen receptors and has antiandrogenic effects.
9 citations
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November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
5 citations
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September 2024 in “Maturitas” November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and support hair growth in women.
5 citations
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November 2015 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” Certain derivatives are more effective 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitors than finasteride.
December 1998 in “Acta Crystallographica Section C-crystal Structure Communications” A new compound with strong antiandrogenic effects was found, potentially useful for treating conditions like acne and prostate cancer.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The new method showed that endometriotic tissue has lower estrogen receptor levels but similar progesterone levels compared to normal endometrium, with both following a similar cycle.
December 2022 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Six months of treatment improved PCOS symptoms and reduced AMH levels.
8 citations
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April 1990 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” The medication combination did not affect glucose tolerance but increased some cholesterol levels due to its estrogen component.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
1 citations
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April 2011 in “The FASEB Journal” Progesterone-derived neurosteroids affect GABA-A receptor expression, influencing epilepsy during menstrual cycles.
January 2014 in “edoc (University of Basel)” Anabolic steroids and inflammation can disrupt androgen metabolism, potentially causing health issues.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 71 citations
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February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
20 citations
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March 1975 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.
33 citations
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January 2008 in “Journal of Molecular Neuroscience”
December 2024 in “Turkish Society of Clinical Biochemistry” Higher BPA levels may be linked to idiopathic hyperandrogenemia in women.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Localized estrogen treatments may improve skin quality with fewer risks than systemic hormone therapy.