155 citations
,
August 1991 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” High-dose testosterone with finasteride improves muscle health in males with spinal cord injury.
February 2017 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Long-term testosterone treatment helps men with low testosterone levels lose weight.
26 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
September 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”
12 citations
,
March 2017 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.
December 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Short-acting testosterone injections in a clinic are a preferred treatment for low testosterone because they work well, are convenient, and patients stick with the treatment.
34 citations
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February 1993 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Certain 4-azasteroids are effective at blocking the enzyme that processes testosterone in human skin and could help treat acne, excessive hair growth, and male pattern baldness.
12 citations
,
March 2017 in “Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology” Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.
September 2007 in “대한피부과학회지” High dose methylprednisolone effectively stops hair loss and promotes regrowth in acute diffuse alopecia areata.
12 citations
,
January 2016 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” Testosterone therapy improved physical and social health in a male with 49,XXXXY syndrome.
December 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” New steroid compounds may help with hormonal therapy and have potential benefits for glucose disorders, but more research is needed.
110 citations
,
April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.
4 citations
,
May 2019 in “Biology open” Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.
6 citations
,
January 2020 in “The Aging Male” Testosterone replacement therapy improved blood sugar and fat levels without raising prostate cancer risk in Japanese men with low testosterone.
42 citations
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May 2003 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” New steroidal compounds could be effective for treating conditions related to 5α-reductase enzyme activity.
16 citations
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August 2022 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” Transdermal exposure to certain steroids can be detected in urine for up to 14 days.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 5% ET-02 is a more effective and safe treatment for hair loss than current options.
2 citations
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August 2004 Early diagnosis and proper treatment improve outcomes for methylmalonic acidemia.
27 citations
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February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
31 citations
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January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
22 citations
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March 2003 in “Steroids” PM-9 and finasteride effectively inhibit the enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Daily subcutaneous testosterone effectively restores testosterone levels in men.
70 citations
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April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
5 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
46 citations
,
December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
110 citations
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October 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.
22 citations
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May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Certain finger length ratios and body hair patterns may predict side effects from birth control pills in women.