88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
4 citations
,
August 2019 Higher free testosterone levels can increase bone density and decrease body fat but may raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate enlargement.
6 citations
,
August 2013 in “한국응용생명화학회지” Certain natural compounds can block an enzyme linked to prostate enlargement and hair loss, showing potential for new treatments.
January 1994 in “JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS” Testosterone and fleece-flower root affect mouse hair growth.
42 citations
,
May 2003 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” New steroidal compounds could be effective for treating conditions related to 5α-reductase enzyme activity.
30 citations
,
July 2009 in “Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats sexual disorders by reducing sexual functions and is generally well-tolerated.
26 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
21 citations
,
January 2010 in “JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE” Abietic acid from pine resin can effectively inhibit testosterone 5α-reductase.
1 citations
,
January 2002 in “PubMed” PM-9, like finasteride, may help treat certain diseases by blocking a key enzyme.
20 citations
,
March 1975 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
24 citations
,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” The substance MK386 effectively blocked testosterone conversion and reduced cell growth in certain skin cells, but inhibiting 5α-reductase alone may not greatly improve acne.
February 2017 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Long-term testosterone treatment helps men with low testosterone levels lose weight.
19 citations
,
March 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone and letrozole treatment speeds up puberty in boys with delayed development.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Daily subcutaneous testosterone effectively restores testosterone levels in men.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” High-dose testosterone with finasteride improves muscle health in males with spinal cord injury.
July 2022 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The study investigated the effects of methanolic extracts from Piptadeniastrum africanum and Cordia plathytyrsa on testosterone levels and metabolic parameters in male Wistar rats. The extracts significantly increased testosterone levels by up to 93% without inducing oxidative stress or altering total cholesterol, glycemia, serum protein levels, or markers of hepatic toxicity. However, P. africanum increased triglyceride levels, and a higher dose of C. plathytyrsa raised creatinine levels. The study concluded that while C. plathytyrsa enhanced testosterone synthesis, it did not affect all evaluated metabolic parameters.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” A testosterone-induced hair loss model in mice was successfully created for future research and treatment testing.
March 2026 in “Seven Editora eBooks” Testosterone creams and gels can be effective but have serious risks and should be used only with medical supervision.
136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
December 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” New steroid compounds may help with hormonal therapy and have potential benefits for glucose disorders, but more research is needed.
July 2011 in “مجله علمی پزوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام” Testosterone reduces, while finasteride enhances, morphine's pain relief.
March 2024 in “Journal of Applied and Natural Science” Mentha spicata leaves lower testosterone and aggression in female rats.
September 2018 in “Translational andrology and urology” MOTILIPERM may help treat male infertility by reducing stress in cells.
16 citations
,
February 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Dihydrotestosterone specifically binds to hamster sebaceous glands, with a higher affinity than testosterone.
December 2023 in “Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry” Stiripentol shows promise as a potential treatment for androgen-related diseases but needs more testing.
January 2024 in “Al-Ameed journal for medical research and health sciences” Testosterone is vital for male health, and its deficiency is linked to aging and common health issues.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
5 citations
,
October 2018 in “Sains Malaysiana” Testosterone reduces key molecules needed for early pregnancy in rats.