18 citations
,
December 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Increased HSD11B1 enzyme expression is linked to higher body fat and insulin resistance.
13 citations
,
December 2012 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.
1 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” A woman on immunosuppressants developed two rare scalp conditions, which improved with specific treatments.
3 citations
,
July 1990 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” A man's baldness improved possibly due to a medication that blocks male hormones.
1 citations
,
April 2025 in “Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology” Minoxidil might cause eye issues, so early detection is important.
25 citations
,
November 2001 in “Kidney International” Male hormones worsen kidney transplant damage, but blocking them helps.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Mini pulse corticosteroid therapy with oral dexamethasone is effective and has fewer side effects for treating extensive alopecia areata.
407 citations
,
January 2008 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” Glucocorticoid corticosteroids improve muscle strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but can cause side effects.
17 citations
,
May 1998 in “Contact Dermatitis” Minoxidil can cause pustular allergic reactions on skin.
1 citations
,
March 2017 in “Al-maǧallaẗ al-’irāqiyyaẗ li-l-’ulūm al-ṣaydalāniyyaẗ/Iraqi journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Nutrient antioxidants helped reduce prednisolone dosage and improved hair growth in alopecia areata patients.
January 2022 in “Gastro Hep advances” Prednisone treatment helped a woman with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome recover from hair loss and digestive issues.
1 citations
,
November 2021 in “Translational pediatrics” Glucocorticoids for progressive muscular dystrophy in children don't improve muscle strength or function but do increase certain side effects.
Equine Cushing's disease in horses causes hormonal imbalance, leading to symptoms like abnormal hair growth and requires lifelong treatment with pergolide.
26 citations
,
October 1978 in “JAMA” Minoxidil helps treat severe high blood pressure.
January 2019 in “OpenBU/Boston University Institutional Repository (Boston University)” Women with PCOS often show signs of excess androgens like hirsutism, acne, and alopecia, with variations across ethnic groups.
May 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Linoleic acid and magnesium are key in alopecia areata progression, and tofacitinib can help by affecting their pathway.
October 2009 in “Reactions Weekly” A woman developed lupus after taking hydroxyurea for two years.
October 2004 in “Australian Prescriber” Lifestyle changes are more effective than medication for reducing type 2 diabetes risk.
April 2026 in “BMJ Case Reports” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone in women and are treated by removing the ovaries.
October 2016 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%-15% of women of reproductive age, causing symptoms like acne and hair loss, and increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease; it's managed through diet, exercise, and medications like Metformin and hormonal contraceptives.
May 2026 in “Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Cases” A postmenopausal woman with androgenic alopecia and hirsutism was found to have a Leydig cell tumor despite normal imaging, as indicated by elevated testosterone levels. Surgical removal of the tumor led to hormonal normalization and clinical improvement, highlighting the diagnostic challenge of detecting occult androgen-secreting tumors in postmenopausal women. This case emphasizes the importance of considering Leydig cell tumors in the differential diagnosis of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, even when imaging does not reveal abnormalities.
40 citations
,
February 2005 in “Fertility and Sterility” Some women with PCOS have CYP21 mutations and IRS1 variants, but these genetic factors are not major contributors to PCOS.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen deficiency can reduce the enzyme activity needed to activate vitamin D.
12 citations
,
December 2016 in “PubMed” Hirsutism involves excessive hair growth due to hormonal issues and can be treated with medication or surgery.
March 2025 in “Molecular Neurobiology” 
2 citations
,
July 2024 in “Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science” PCOS women with COVID-19 have higher cardiometabolic risks.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Low-dose spironolactone effectively treats female pattern hair loss with mild side effects.
November 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Ankle braces reduce motion, while external focus improves hip and knee movements.
60 citations
,
May 2011 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is linked to higher risk of hypertension and heart disease.
2 citations
,
July 2021 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology” Lisinopril improves heart health more in men with normal hair than those with early hair loss.