May 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair loss caused by longer latent hair cycle and sudden miniaturization, not gradual follicle size reduction.
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August 2000 in “Cell” Hair follicle stem cells can form both hair follicles and skin.
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
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August 1996 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Terazosin and finasteride effectively treat BPH, but combining them adds no extra benefit.
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January 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.
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February 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treat significant hirsutism with medication and hair removal; use birth control pills first, adding antiandrogens if needed.
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September 2012 in “Nature” African spiny mice can regenerate skin, hair, and cartilage, but not muscle, and their unique abilities could be useful for regenerative medicine.
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February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.
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February 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Dutasteride and finasteride may reduce sperm count and volume but don't affect movement or shape; effects are reversible after stopping.
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March 2017 in “Cell host & microbe” Hair follicle development and microbes help regulatory T cells gather in newborn skin.
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May 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.
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October 2001 in “Genes & Development” The mutated hairless gene causes hair loss by acting as a new type of corepressor affecting thyroid hormone receptors.
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May 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
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January 2007 in “The American Journal of Human Genetics” Certain genes on chromosomes 6, 10, 16, and 18 may increase the risk of alopecia areata.
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November 2005 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Hair follicles may soon be used more for targeted and systemic drug delivery.
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September 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Mutations in the Vitamin D receptor gene can cause hair loss similar to mutations in the Hairless gene.
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October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
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April 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin tail is crucial for skin structure and function.
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February 2016 in “Nature Communications” Epidermal β-catenin activation changes the dermis by signaling different fibroblast types.
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July 1984 in “Circulation” Minoxidil helps heart function but doesn't improve exercise ability and may cause complications.
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March 2014 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” DHT may increase the risk of heart disease and death in elderly men.
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December 2015 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin is crucial for skin barrier formation and affects mitochondrial function.
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December 2019 in “The EMBO Journal” NEDD4 and NEDD4L help control intestinal stem cells and prevent tumors by breaking down the LGR5 receptor.
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December 2003 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Epiprofin helps cells grow in developing teeth, hair, and limbs.
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January 2016 in “Development” Blocking β-catenin in skin cells improves hair growth during wound healing.
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July 1990 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Diazoxide, minoxidil sulphate, and cromakalim relax rat blood vessels by opening K+ channels, with some differences in their actions.
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July 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain mutations in the H6PD gene cause Cortisone Reductase Deficiency by affecting hormone production.
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January 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Burn injuries in mice heal similarly to humans, with inflammation and cell changes normalizing over time.
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November 2019 in “Nature Communications” Oncogenic melanocyte stem cells can develop into melanoma similar to human cases.
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August 2001 in “Experimental Dermatology” Human hair follicle cells can grow hair when put into mouse skin if they stay in contact with mouse cells.