35 citations
,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
365 citations
,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” Nanocarriers can improve drug delivery through the skin by overcoming barriers.
25 citations
,
July 2019 in “Journal of drug delivery science and technology” Researchers created better skin-application menthol capsules that are stable, safe, and penetrate the skin quickly.
19 citations
,
May 2010 in “Surface and interface analysis” 18-MEA is essential for hair's water resistance, and a conditioner with 18-MEA and SPDA can restore it.
February 2024 in “Pharmaceutical research” Hair follicles affect how well small molecules can pass through the skin, and this varies depending on the molecule's features.
205 citations
,
January 2005 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Liposomes and niosomes can help drugs penetrate the skin better.
September 2022 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Thicker minoxidil solutions work better and need less frequent application.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” Hair follicles are important for drug delivery through the skin, but better methods are needed to understand and improve this process.
10 citations
,
June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.
4 citations
,
October 2007 in “PubMed” Polyquaternium-70 shampoo is best for reducing frizz.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” A 4% nanoparticle concentration and 4 Hz massage improve drug delivery into hair follicles.
26 citations
,
December 2022 in “Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Invasomes with natural terpenes can improve drug delivery through the skin.
8 citations
,
August 1993 in “Colloid & Polymer Science” The observed "toughening" in keratin was actually due to water evaporation, not a real change in keratin.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Type 3 hair oil strengthens hair more than coconut oil.
1 citations
,
January 2020 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” Disrupting the skin barrier and using specific nanoparticles and solvents can improve drug delivery through the skin.
34 citations
,
October 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The new drug delivery system releases the drug better in sebum and targets follicles more effectively than the conventional cream.
12 citations
,
March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” Hair follicles significantly affect the skin absorption of some drugs.
March 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Regular use of in-shower lotion can improve dry skin better than traditional moisturizers.
39 citations
,
November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” The hair follicle pathway significantly affects how easily water-loving chemicals pass through the skin.
94 citations
,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” Minoxidil's absorption is too variable for it to be a reliable reference drug.
October 2022 in “Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences” Different substances can affect how well the skin absorbs minoxidil, a hair loss drug. Caprylic acid helps the skin absorb it the best, followed by propylene glycol and water.
19 citations
,
December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
47 citations
,
January 2003 in “Pharmaceutical Research”
33 citations
,
December 2021 in “PLoS ONE” It's unclear which molecules best characterize dry skin due to inconsistent findings.
11 citations
,
December 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Ultrasound increases skin permeability but blocks hair follicles.
82 citations
,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
November 2005 in “CRC Press eBooks” SEPA 0009 is a promising and safe skin penetration enhancer for topical use.
13 citations
,
June 2016 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Minoxidil works better when applied on a damp scalp than a dry one.
Ethnic differences in skin and hair affect penetration minimally, but cultural habits matter in product development.