34 citations
,
October 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The new drug delivery system releases the drug better in sebum and targets follicles more effectively than the conventional cream.
12 citations
,
March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” Hair follicles significantly affect the skin absorption of some drugs.
March 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Regular use of in-shower lotion can improve dry skin better than traditional moisturizers.
39 citations
,
November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” The hair follicle pathway significantly affects how easily water-loving chemicals pass through the skin.
94 citations
,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” Minoxidil's absorption is too variable for it to be a reliable reference drug.
October 2022 in “Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences” Different substances can affect how well the skin absorbs minoxidil, a hair loss drug. Caprylic acid helps the skin absorb it the best, followed by propylene glycol and water.
19 citations
,
December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
47 citations
,
January 2003 in “Pharmaceutical Research”
33 citations
,
December 2021 in “PLoS ONE” It's unclear which molecules best characterize dry skin due to inconsistent findings.
11 citations
,
December 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Ultrasound increases skin permeability but blocks hair follicles.
82 citations
,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
November 2005 in “CRC Press eBooks” SEPA 0009 is a promising and safe skin penetration enhancer for topical use.
13 citations
,
June 2016 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Minoxidil works better when applied on a damp scalp than a dry one.
Ethnic differences in skin and hair affect penetration minimally, but cultural habits matter in product development.
19 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology” Porcine hair follicles can effectively model human hair follicles for drug absorption.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Local hypobaric pressure can significantly improve drug delivery through the skin.
23 citations
,
March 2021 in “Gels” Microemulsions can improve minoxidil delivery and effectiveness for hair loss treatment.
11 citations
,
January 2006 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy” Adding TPGS to minoxidil solutions can improve skin penetration and retention, especially in water and PEG 400-based solutions.
31 citations
,
January 2012 in “Skin Research and Technology” The w/o lotion with blended cellulose improved curcumin skin penetration best.
316 citations
,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.
39 citations
,
April 2010 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve minoxidil skin permeation, but more research needed for effective hair growth.
March 2012 in “Korean Journal of Microscopy” Quantum dot nanoparticles can penetrate skin and reach sebocytes through hair follicles.
90 citations
,
November 2014 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Silver nanoparticles can penetrate porcine skin up to about 15.6 μm, possibly through hair follicles.
January 2022 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Clove oil and grape seed extract increase finasteride skin absorption, while urea decreases it.
The new skin cream with zinc oxide nanoparticles is stable, spreads well, and doesn't deeply penetrate the skin.
February 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Low humidity changes skin gene expression, but emollients can help manage these changes.
30 citations
,
November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
7 citations
,
January 2020 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Standard nail varnish effectively prevents follicular penetration of certain substances.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants damage hair, but sealing the cuticle can prevent this.