July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Androgens reduce THY1 in skin cells, leading to less fat, more fibrosis, and worse healing in males.
31 citations
,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Trichology” The arrector pili muscle might play a role in hair loss and needs more research to understand its impact.
6 citations
,
September 2016 in “American journal of medical and biological research” Male cattle skin is better for quality leather production.
January 1981 in “Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University)” Pig skin is similar to human skin, with no major changes as they age.
July 2025 in “Archives of Sexual Behavior” Men's facial appearance shows age, body fat, and testosterone levels, not metabolic health.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Aging causes sweat glands to shrink and move upward, leading to less elastic skin and more wrinkles.
138 citations
,
November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.
131 citations
,
March 2004 in “The American journal of pathology” Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.
2 citations
,
January 1990 January 2005 in “Journal of Zhejiang University(Sciences Edition)” Yuyi hairless mice lose hair after birth, develop thick, loose skin with folds, and show disorganized skin structure as they age.
11 citations
,
January 2005 in “Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research” Hairless USP mice have enlarged skin cysts as they age.
February 2023 in “Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ/Tikrit journal of pure science” Horse skin has a layered epidermis, a dermis with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and is supplied by small arteries.
5 citations
,
August 2005 in “Anatomy and Embryology” Rat skin has a linear system of nerve fibers linked to hair follicles and muscles.
36 citations
,
October 2009 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.
Smad4 is crucial for muscle repair, especially in aging, by promoting cell growth over differentiation.
July 2025 in “Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi” Wild boar skin from Timor Island has three layers with various structures like hair follicles and glands.
5 citations
,
August 2021 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Retinoic acid affects male and female muscle energy use and function differently.
138 citations
,
October 2012 in “Behavioral Ecology” Masculine facial features may not reliably indicate heritable health, and more research is needed.
SMAD4 is crucial for muscle repair in young adults but not in aged mice.
October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
48 citations
,
May 2015 in “NPJ microgravity” A 3-month stay in space causes skin thinning, disrupts hair growth, and changes muscle-related genes in mice.
26 citations
,
January 2022 The skin is essential for protection, temperature control, and immune defense.
5 citations
,
January 2016 in “Stem Cells International” Certain skin cells near the base of hair muscles may help renew and stabilize skin, possibly affecting skin disorder understanding.
May 2022 in “Голова и шея.” Functional tests and manual muscle testing effectively assess muscle performance in children with health issues.
9 citations
,
November 2017 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Men need higher doses of botox than women and a different approach for facial aesthetics due to their unique facial features and muscle mass.
10 citations
,
November 2006 in “Nordicom Review” The article concludes that contemporary visual culture emphasizes body modification, yet it also reveals societal denial of this trend.
29 citations
,
May 2023 in “Cell” December 2025 in “Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy)” Palmaris longus muscle absence is uncommon and not linked to gender, hand side, or finger ratio.
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.