100 citations
,
July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
4 citations
,
November 2016 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” The document explains the difficulty in diagnosing and treating brain diseases caused by the immune system and stresses the need for quick and accurate tests.
The nail immune system is similar to hair but different from skin, with fewer immune markers.
164 citations
,
January 2003 in “Drugs”
98 citations
,
July 2014 in “Trends in Molecular Medicine” Hair follicles are hormone-sensitive and involved in growth and other functions, with potential for new treatments, but more research is needed.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
393 citations
,
November 2000 in “Archives of General Psychiatry” Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.
November 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Hair steroid profiling is a feasible, non-invasive alternative to serum analysis for assessing hormone levels and metabolism.
49 citations
,
September 2015 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” 5α-reductase affects dopamine receptors linked to sensorimotor gating, which may help understand disorders like schizophrenia.
May 2023 in “Elsevier eBooks” Systemic immunotherapies are used for immune-related hair loss but not usually for genetic hair loss, unless the patient has both conditions.
81 citations
,
July 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain mutations in the H6PD gene cause Cortisone Reductase Deficiency by affecting hormone production.
18 citations
,
January 1990 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Lower doses of dexamethasone can safely reduce high DHEAS levels in women with androgenic disorders.
84 citations
,
October 2007 in “The Journal of Immunology” Myeloid-derived suppressor cells help control autoimmune cells and promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata.
November 2025 in “Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern” Androgen levels are more linked to body size in boys than girls.
10 citations
,
July 1980 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Topical putrescine and spermine increased DNA synthesis in hairless mouse skin.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
8 citations
,
June 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” Exosome therapy may help treat diabetic nerve damage, but more research is needed.
July 2024 in “JAAD Case Reports” Corticosteroid injections for hair loss may cause eye problems, so caution is needed.
February 2014 in “Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)” Testosterone metabolites may help relieve diabetic nerve pain.
34 citations
,
March 2007 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Thioredoxin reductase 1 does not affect glucocorticoid receptor activity in hair follicle cells.
3 citations
,
November 2024 in “Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm women's health and their offspring.
11 citations
,
October 2020 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Male C57BL/6 mice show age-related fluctuations in certain hormones and their ratios in both blood and hair.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “The Journal of Urology” Certain drugs like Dutasteride and Finasteride might help fight SARS-CoV-2 by increasing levels of a steroid called DHEA, which can protect the heart and increase nitric oxide to counteract the virus.
47 citations
,
January 2016 in “Brain Behavior and Immunity” 5α-reduced progestogens may reduce mood issues and brain damage linked to HIV-1 Tat.
18 citations
,
January 2015 in “International Journal of Trichology” Intralesional steroids are more effective for hair regrowth in alopecia areata than NBUVB, but combining them doesn't improve results.
29 citations
,
March 2022 in “Biomedicines” Enhancing antioxidant responses can improve treatments for various diseases.
March 2022 in “Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology” Methotrexate with steroids is slightly more effective than azathioprine with steroids for treating severe alopecia areata.
6 citations
,
August 1975 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Cortisol and corticosterone thin mouse skin and regress hair follicles, while testosterone promotes skin and hair development.
25 citations
,
April 2012 in “Acta Biomaterialia” Using certain small proteins with a growth factor and specific materials can increase the creation of neurons from stem cells.