36 citations
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
6 citations
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November 2015 in “JAMA” Oral contraceptives help mild hirsutism, while flutamide and spironolactone help severe cases.
94 citations
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August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” 17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.
February 2024 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Myo-inositol-based treatments greatly improve pregnancy chances for women with PCOS.
36 citations
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July 2005 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” Blocking certain brain processes reduces mating behavior in female rats.
December 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Rare ovarian tumors can cause increased male hormones in postmenopausal women; surgery is an effective treatment.
1 citations
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November 2019 in “Archives of breast cancer” Some hormone treatments might raise breast cancer risk, while others don't seem to.
10 citations
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April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
2 citations
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May 2017 in “Maturitas” Women with premature ovarian insufficiency have a worse cardiovascular risk profile than premenopausal women.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Adolescents with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are linked to hair growth but don't help diagnose PCOS better than testosterone levels.
14 citations
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August 1943 in “Archives of Dermatology” Applying estradiol to skin causes local changes but not cancer.
25 citations
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September 1977 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of some contraceptive steroids cause health issues in dogs, but their relevance to humans is unclear.
July 2024 in “Reactions Weekly” 2 citations
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January 2013 in “Iraqi journal of Medical Sciences”
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Removing the ovarian tumor improved the woman's hormonal symptoms.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Nutrition Journal” Probiotic supplements may help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS.
6 citations
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April 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Ovariectomized mice mimic postmenopausal hair loss, and estradiol helps maintain hair density.
2 citations
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February 2003 in “Annals of Neurology” Neuroimaging suggests that treatments targeting brain steroids could help control epilepsy, especially types linked to the menstrual cycle.
December 2022 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Six months of treatment improved PCOS symptoms and reduced AMH levels.
4 citations
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May 2025 in “Open Access Journal of Contraception” Low-dose ethinyl estradiol and LNG-IUD are safer contraception options for obese women with PCOS.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
December 2025 in “Molecules” A new method effectively detects trace sex hormones in cosmetics, ensuring safety.
97 citations
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November 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.
2 citations
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February 2005 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Certain medications can help treat PCOS symptoms, but they aren't FDA-approved for this use.
June 2025 in “Medicine theory and practice” Combined oral contraceptives and antiandrogens are effective for treating PCOS symptoms in older women.
89 citations
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December 1998 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Human hair can be used to measure reproductive hormones.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe hormone imbalance after menopause led to finding a rare ovarian tumor, treated by surgery.
November 2013 in “Cancer” Oophorectomy reduces ovarian cancer risk for women with BRCA mutations, finasteride lowers prostate cancer risk without raising death risk, and prophylactic mastectomy rates are rising.
68 citations
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May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
74 citations
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January 2006 in “Endocrine journal” Low-dose gonadotropin treatment is effective for infertility in women with PCOS, leading to high ovulation rates and comparable pregnancy rates with fewer complications.