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GlossaryOligomeric Proanthocyanidins

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) are a class of flavonoids found in various plants, particularly in grape seeds, pine bark, and certain fruits. They are known for their antioxidant properties, which can help protect hair follicles from oxidative stress, a factor that contributes to hair loss. OPCs may also promote blood circulation and improve nutrient delivery to hair follicles, potentially supporting hair growth. Their relevance in hair biology lies in their ability to combat inflammation and promote overall scalp health, making them a subject of interest in hair loss treatments.

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Procyanidin Oligomers Selectively and Intensively Promote Proliferation of Mouse Hair Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Activate Hair Follicle Growth In Vivo

research Procyanidin Oligomers Selectively and Intensively Promote Proliferation of Mouse Hair Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Activate Hair Follicle Growth In Vivo11The authors disclosed conflict of interest.

79 citations , March 1999 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Procyanidin compounds from grape seeds were found to significantly increase mouse hair growth.

A Semisynthetic Approach for the Simultaneous Reaction of Grape Seed Polymeric Procyanidins with Catechin and Epicatechin to Obtain Oligomeric Procyanidins in Large Scale

research A semisynthetic approach for the simultaneous reaction of grape seed polymeric procyanidins with catechin and epicatechin to obtain oligomeric procyanidins in large scale

9 citations , April 2019 in “Food Chemistry”

Created large amounts of grape seed compounds using a new method.

Investigation of the Topical Application of Procyanidin Oligomers from Apples to Identify Their Potential Use as a Hair-Growing Agent

research Investigation of the topical application of procyanidin oligomers from apples to identify their potential use as a hair‐growing agent

28 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology”

Apple procyanidin applied to the scalp may help grow hair without side effects.

Procyanidin Oligomers Counteract TGF-β1- and TGF-β2-Induced Apoptosis in Hair Epithelial Cells: An Insight into Their Mechanisms

research Procyanidin Oligomers Counteract TGF-β₁- and TGF-β₂-Induced Apoptosis in Hair Epithelial Cells: An Insight into Their Mechanisms

14 citations , January 2006 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology”

Procyanidin compounds from apples and barley promote hair growth and prevent hair cell death.

research Procyanidin B-2 and the hair-growing activity of proanthocyanidins

1 citations , January 2001 in “Cosmetics and toiletries”

Procyanidin B-2 from apple juice significantly increases hair growth and may be more effective than minoxidil without side effects.

research Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seeds Promote Proliferation of Mouse Hair Follicle Cells In vitro and Convert Hair Cycle In vivo

64 citations , October 1998 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

Grape seed proanthocyanidins can promote hair growth.

research Skin Care Properties of Grape Seed Polyphenols, a By-Product of the Winery Industry

October 2012 in “Humana Press eBooks”

Grape seed extract is good for skin care, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects.

research Inhibitory Effects of Apple Polyphenols on Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells into Adipocytes.

18 citations , January 2000 in “Food Science and Technology Research”

Apple polyphenols, especially from unripe apples, can help prevent cells from turning into fat cells.

research Investigation of topical application of procyanidin B-2 from apple to identify its potential use as a hair growing agent

32 citations , December 2000 in “Phytomedicine”

Apple-derived procyanidin B-2 can safely promote hair growth in men.

research Toxicological Studies on Procyanidin B-2 for Extern?al Application as a Hair Growing Agent

30 citations , May 1999 in “Food and chemical toxicology”

Procyanidin B-2 is safe to use on skin as a hair growth product.

research KF19418, a new compound for hair growth promotion in vitro and in vivo mouse models

15 citations , April 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

KF19418 promotes hair growth similarly to minoxidil but is not better in live mice.

Annurca Apple Nutraceutical Formulation Enhances Keratin Expression in a Human Model of Skin and Promotes Hair Growth in a Randomized Clinical Trial

research Annurca Apple Nutraceutical Formulation Enhances Keratin Expression in a Human Model of Skin and Promotes Hair Growth and Tropism in a Randomized Clinical Trial

27 citations , September 2017 in “Journal of Medicinal Food”

Annurca apple supplement safely increases hair growth and keratin in humans.

research Evaluation of Hair Growth Activity of Buxus wallichiana Baill Extract in Rats

3 citations , October 2009 in “Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences”

Buxus wallichiana extract improves hair growth and has antioxidant properties, with oral use more effective than topical.

research Herbal Therapy in Dermatology

191 citations , February 2002 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Some herbal therapies may help with skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

research Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Achievements, Future, and Sustainability in Asia

119 citations , March 2020 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology”

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

North American Virginian Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana): Scalp Care and Protection for Sensitive Scalp, Red Scalp, and Scalp Burn-Out

research North American virginian witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana): based scalp care and protection for sensitive scalp, red scalp, and scalp burn-out

11 citations , January 2014 in “International Journal of Trichology”

Witch hazel-based hair products improved scalp irritation and were well-tolerated.

research Herbal Treatment for Dermatologic Disorders

9 citations , March 2011 in “Oxidative stress and disease”

Some herbal treatments are effective for skin disorders, but more research and regulation are needed.

research A systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing phytochemicals and natural ingredients for skin and hair care

2 citations , July 2020 in “Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science”

Natural ingredients can improve skin and hair, but more research is needed.

research Cosmeceuticals in Dermatology

1 citations , January 2013 in “Springer eBooks”

Cosmeceuticals may benefit skin health but need more research for efficacy and safety confirmation.

research Medicinal Plants for Managing Post-COVID-19 Complications

June 2025 in “Basrah Researches Sciences”

Medicinal plants might help with post-COVID-19 issues, but more research is needed.

Ayurveda and Bioactives as Adjuvant for DNA Modulation in Cancer Treatment and Adverse Drug Reaction – A Glimpse of Traditional Indian Nanotechnology

research Ayurveda & Bioactives as Adjuvant for Dna Modulation in Cancer Treatment & Adverse Drug Reaction [ADR] – A Glimpse of Traditional Indian Nanotechnology

March 2024 in “Qeios”

Ayurvedic herbs may reduce side effects and improve effectiveness of cancer treatments.

Phosphatidic Acid Has Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

research Phosphatidic Acid Has a Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

46 citations , August 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Phosphatidic acid may help hair grow by affecting cell growth pathways.

research An overview of herbal alternatives in androgenetic alopecia

26 citations , April 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Herbal alternatives like saw palmetto and green tea may offer safe, effective treatment for hormonal hair loss.

Multiple Readout Assay for Hormonal (Androgenic and Antiandrogenic) and Cytotoxic Activity of Plant and Fungal Extracts Based on Differential Prostate Cancer Cell Line Behavior

research Multiple readout assay for hormonal (androgenic and antiandrogenic) and cytotoxic activity of plant and fungal extracts based on differential prostate cancer cell line behavior

19 citations , August 2014 in “Journal of Ethnopharmacology”

The study created a test that found hormonal and toxic effects in plant and fungal extracts using prostate cancer cells.

research A Pilot Study of a Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract for Lung Cancer Chemoprevention

13 citations , May 2019 in “Cancer Prevention Research”

Grape seed extract may safely and effectively help prevent lung cancer.

Which Plant for Which Skin Disease? Part 2: Dermatophytes, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Photoprotection, Actinic Keratoses, Vitiligo, Hair Loss, Cosmetic Indications

research Which plant for which skin disease? Part 2: Dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications

19 citations , August 2010 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft”

Certain plant extracts can effectively treat skin conditions like athlete's foot, chronic vein problems, sun damage, skin growths, vitiligo, and hair loss, and may also improve skin appearance.

The Peptide AC 2 Isolated from Bacillus-Treated Trapa Japonica Fruit Extract Rescues DHT-Treated Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Mediates mTORC1 Signaling for Autophagy and Apoptosis Suppression

research The peptide AC 2 isolated from Bacillus-treated Trapa japonica fruit extract rescues DHT (dihydrotestosterone)-treated human dermal papilla cells and mediates mTORC1 signaling for autophagy and apoptosis suppression

9 citations , November 2019 in “Scientific reports”

The AC 2 peptide from Trapa japonica fruit helps protect hair cells and may treat hair loss.

research Procyanidin B-2, extracted from apples, promotes hair growth: a laboratory study

37 citations , January 2002 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Apple extract called procyanidin B-2 was found to greatly increase hair growth.

research A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Cynomorium songaricum as Functional and Medicinal Food

2 citations , April 2018 in “Natural Product Communications”

Cynomorium songaricum has many health benefits and could help with hair regrowth.

research Plants used in cosmetics

434 citations , October 2003 in “PTR. Phytotherapy research/Phytotherapy research”

Natural products in cosmetics are beneficial for skin and hair care with low toxicity.