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GlossaryOral Administration

process of taking substances through the mouth for absorption

Oral administration, also known as oral intake or oral ingestion, refers to the process of taking substances, such as medications or supplements, through the mouth. This method is commonly used because it is convenient and non-invasive, allowing the substance to be absorbed through the digestive system. For professionals, it's important to note that the bioavailability of a drug can be affected by factors such as food intake, gastrointestinal pH, and first-pass metabolism in the liver.

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Oral Administration of Low-Dose Bisphenol A Promotes Proliferation of Ventral Prostate and Upregulates Prostaglandin D2 Synthase Expression in Adult Rats

research Oral administration of low-dose bisphenol A promotes proliferation of ventral prostate and upregulates prostaglandin D₂ synthase expression in adult rats

14 citations , June 2015 in “Toxicology and Industrial Health”

Low doses of BPA can increase prostate growth and change hormone levels in adult rats.

Oral Administration of Berberine Represses Macrophage Activation-Associated Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Pivotal Involvement of the NF-κB

research Oral administration of berberine represses macrophage activation-associated benign prostatic hyperplasia: a pivotal involvement of the NF-κB

8 citations , August 2021 in “Aging”

Berberine may reduce prostate enlargement by blocking inflammation.

research Cedrol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a promising hair growth drug: The effects of oral and external administration on hair regeneration and its mechanism

August 2024 in “Bioorganic Chemistry”

Cedrol from ginger can promote hair growth when taken orally.

Oral and Topical Administration of Standardized Saw Palmetto Oil Reduces Hair Fall and Improves Hair Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia Subjects: A 16-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

research Oral and Topical Administration of a Standardized Saw Palmetto Oil Reduces Hair Fall and Improves the Hair Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia Subjects – A 16-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

November 2023 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Saw palmetto extract reduced hair loss and improved hair growth in people with hair thinning.

Simultaneous Determination of Three Flavonoids in Rat Plasma of Masson Pinus Needles (Pinus Massoniana L.) Extracts by UHPLC-MS/MS and Application to Pharmacokinetics Studies After Oral and Transdermal Administration

research Simultaneous Determination of Three Flavonoids in Rat Plasma of Masson Pinus Needles (Pinus massoniana L.) Extracts by UHPLC-MS/MS and Application to Pharmacokinetics Studies after Oral and Transdermal Administration

August 2023 in “Journal of Chromatographic Science”

A new method accurately measures three compounds in rat plasma from pine needle extracts, aiding future research on its use for hair loss.

research Oral administration of Lactilactobacillus curvatus LB-P9 promotes hair regeneration in mice

November 2023 in “Food science of animal resources”

Lactilactobacillus curvatus LB-P9 taken orally helps hair regrow faster and thicker in mice.

research Oral Minoxidil Administration and its Effects on Reproductive, Lipid, and Hematological Profiles in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

January 2026 in “SSRN Electronic Journal”

Long-Term Oral Administration of 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Attenuates Erectile Function by Inhibiting Autophagy and Promoting Apoptosis of Smooth Muscle Cells in Corpus Cavernosum of Aged Rats

research Long-term Oral Administration of 5α-reductase Inhibitor Attenuates Erectile Function by Inhibiting Autophagy and Promoting Apoptosis of Smooth Muscle Cells in Corpus Cavernosum of Aged Rats

34 citations , September 2013 in “Urology”

Long-term use of a certain medication can worsen erectile function in aged rats by damaging penile muscle cells.

Hair Growth Effects of Oral Administration of Finasteride, a Steroid 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor, Alone and in Combination with Topical Minoxidil in the Balding Stumptail Macaque

research Hair growth effects of oral administration of finasteride, a steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with topical minoxidil in the balding stumptail macaque.

34 citations , February 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride and minoxidil together promote hair growth better than either alone.

research Clinical efficacy of oral administration of finasteride at a dose of 2.5 mg/day in women with female pattern hair loss

13 citations , February 2018 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Finasteride 2.5 mg/day can effectively treat female hair loss.

Test With Oral Administration of Clomiphene May Aid in Differential Diagnosis of Severe Hyperandrogenism in Postmenopausal Women - A Case Report

research Test With Oral Administration of Clomiphene May Add to Differential Diagnosis of Severe Hyperandrogenism in Postmenopausal Women - A Case Report

September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports”

Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.

research Bioequivalance of single oral administration of finasteride tablet and capsule in healthy volunteers

January 2004

Finasteride tablets and capsules work the same in the body.

research Clinical Efficacy of Oral Administration of Finasteride at a dose of 2.5mg/Day in Women with Female Pattern Hair Loss

February 2022 in “Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences”

Taking 2.5mg of finasteride daily can effectively improve hair loss in 62% of women, especially those pre-menopause or with less severe hair loss.

Clinical Evaluation of Intradermal Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration Along with Oral Biotin Supplement for the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia in Adult Males: A Randomized Clinical Trial

research Clinical Evaluation of Intradermal Platelet Rich Plasma Administration along with Oral Biotin Supplement for the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia in Adult Males: A Randomised Clinical Tria

January 2022 in “Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research”

Using platelet-rich plasma injections and biotin pills together significantly increases hair regrowth in men with hair loss.

Is the Safety of Finasteride Correlated With Its Route of Administration: Topical Versus Oral? A Pharmacovigilance Study With Data From the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

research Is the Safety of Finasteride Correlated With Its Route of Administration: Topical Versus Oral? A Pharmacovigilance Study With Data From the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

July 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Topical finasteride may be safer than oral finasteride, but more research is needed.

research Oral finasteride use and sexual adverse events: signal detection from disproportionality analyses of data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

January 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

Oral finasteride may cause more sexual side effects than expected, possibly due to negative publicity and reporting bias.

The Role of Patient and Drug-Related Factors in Oral Minoxidil and Pericardial Effusion: Analyses of Data From the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

research The Role of Patient‐ and Drug‐Related Factors in Oral Minoxidil and Pericardial Effusion: Analyses of Data From the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

December 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Oral minoxidil rarely causes pericardial effusion, especially at low doses.

Response to the Role of Patient and Drug-Related Factors in Oral Minoxidil and Pericardial Effusion: Analyses of Data From the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

research Response to “The Role of Patient‐ and Drug‐Related Factors in Oral Minoxidil and Pericardial Effusion: Analyses of Data From the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System”

August 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Oral minoxidil users, especially for hypertension, may risk heart issues, and better monitoring guidelines are needed for alopecia patients.

research Chemoprevention of smoke-induced alopecia in mice by oral administration of l-cystine and vitamin B6

41 citations , March 2007 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Taking L-cystine and vitamin B6 can prevent hair loss caused by smoke in mice.

research Evaluation of a novel dry eye model induced by oral administration of finasteride

9 citations , October 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

Finasteride causes reduced tear flow and severe eye inflammation.

research Induction and reversal of pulmonary lipid histiocytosis in rats following oral administration of anorectics cloforex and chlorphentermine

3 citations , March 1981 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health”

Rats developed lung issues from the drugs, but these cleared quickly after stopping them.

Metabolism of Minoxidil, a New Hypotensive Agent: Biotransformation Following Oral Administration to Rats, Dogs, and Monkeys

research Metabolism of Minoxidil, a New Hypotensive Agent 11: Biotransformation following Oral Administration to Rats, Dogs, and Monkeys

31 citations , August 1975 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Minoxidil metabolizes similarly in monkeys and humans, but differently in dogs and rats.

research [Low dosage retinol and L-cystine combination improve alopecia of the diffuse type following long-term oral administration].

16 citations , August 1989 in “PubMed”

Retinol and L-cystine improve diffuse hair loss without side effects.

research Cardiovascular risks and elevation of serum DHT vary by route of testosterone administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

122 citations , November 2014 in “BMC Medicine”

Oral testosterone therapy raises heart risk more than other methods.

research Hair Growth on Nude Mice Due to Cyclosporin A

25 citations , December 1991 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Cyclosporin A promotes hair growth in young nude mice.

research Novel tip-loaded dissolving and implantable microneedle array patches for sustained release of finasteride

23 citations , July 2021 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

New dissolving and implantable microneedle patches have been created for a long-lasting, non-invasive delivery of the drug finasteride.