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GlossaryMorphogenesis

biological process shaping organism's structure through cell organization

Morphogenesis is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape. It involves the coordinated growth, differentiation, and spatial organization of cells and tissues, which ultimately leads to the formation of structures like organs and limbs. This process is crucial in embryonic development and is regulated by genetic and environmental factors.

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Ectodermal Organ Stem Cells: Morphogenesis, Population Regenerative Behavior, and Evolutionary Development

research Ectodermal Organ Stem Cells: Morphogenesis, Population Regenerative Behavior, and Evo-Devo

1 citations , October 2013

Different ectodermal organs like hair and feathers regenerate differently, with specific stem cells and signals involved in their growth and response to the environment.

research Organ Culture of Developing Mouse Skin and Its Application for Molecular Mechanistic Studies of Morphogenesis

4 citations , October 2004 in “Humana Press eBooks”

Epidermal growth factor stops hair follicle formation in developing mouse skin.

research Morpho-Regulation of Ectodermal Organs

131 citations , March 2004 in “The American journal of pathology”

Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.

research 1412 “Telescope model” for coordinated organ morphogenesis and stem cell formation

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Developing hair follicles form from ring-shaped patterns, with future stem cells originating from the outer ring, not the upper layers, as previously thought.

research Disrupted Ectodermal Organ Morphogenesis in Mice with a Conditional Histone Deacetylase 1, 2 Deletion in the Epidermis

32 citations , June 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Mice without certain skin proteins had abnormal skin and hair development.

research Fully functional hair follicle organ regeneration using organ-inductive potential stem cells with an accessory mesenchymal cell population in an in vitro culture system

February 2026 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications”

Scientists successfully regenerated functional hair follicles using specific stem cells and mesenchymal cells.

research Data from Elevated Cutaneous Smad Activation Associates with Enhanced Skin Tumor Susceptibility in Organ Transplant Recipients

March 2023

Higher TGF-β signaling may increase skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients.

research Understanding skin morphogenesis across developmental, regenerative and evolutionary levels

2 citations , April 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology”

The article concludes that studying how skin forms is key to understanding skin diseases and improving regenerative medicine.

research GROWTH FACTORS IN HAIR ORGAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE HAIR GROWTH CYCLE

90 citations , October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Growth factors are crucial for hair development and could help treat hair diseases.

research 1439 Development of a complex skin organ in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Scientists created skin-like structures from stem cells that include features like hair and sweat glands.

research Module-based complexity formation: periodic patterning in feathers and hairs

47 citations , May 2012 in “Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Developmental Biology”

The conclusion is that understanding how feathers and hairs pattern can help in developing hair regeneration treatments.

research The Hair Follicle as a Dynamic Miniorgan

759 citations , February 2009 in “Current Biology”

Hair follicles are complex, dynamic mini-organs that help us understand cell growth, death, migration, and differentiation, as well as tissue regeneration and tumor biology.

research Tracing the developmental origin of tissue stem cells

7 citations , October 2022 in “Development Growth & Differentiation”

Tissue stem cells originate from specific areas in organs and are vital for organ maintenance and repair.

research In vitro strategies for mimicking dynamic cell–ECM reciprocity in 3D culture models

June 2023 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology”

The conclusion is that accurately replicating the complexity of the extracellular matrix in the lab is crucial for creating realistic human tissue models.

research 1362 The role of Fgf20 in establishing the hair follicle dermal condensate

April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Fgf20 is important for the development and regulation of the cells that form the base of hair follicles.

research SOX9 in organogenesis: shared and unique transcriptional functions

10 citations , September 2022 in “Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences”

SOX9 is essential for the development of various organs and hair follicles.

research Identification of a secreted BMP antagonist, ectodin, integrating BMP, FGF, and SHH signals from the tooth enamel knot

243 citations , October 2003 in “Developmental biology”

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

research TGF-β Family Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

82 citations , February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology”

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

research Deciphering principles of morphogenesis from temporal and spatial patterns on the integument

19 citations , April 2015 in “Developmental Dynamics”

The conclusion is that skin and hair patterns are formed by a mix of cell activities, molecular signals, and environmental factors.

research Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist Noggin Promotes Skin Tumorigenesis via Stimulation of the Wnt and Shh Signaling Pathways

45 citations , August 2009 in “American Journal Of Pathology”

Noggin promotes skin tumors by activating certain cell signaling pathways.

research Expression of morphogens during human follicle development in vivo and a model for studying follicle morphogenesis in vitro

29 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair follicle development involves complex interactions between skin layers and cells, but many details are still unknown.

research FGF-9 accelerates epithelial invagination for ectodermal organogenesis in real time bioengineered organ manipulation

19 citations , November 2012 in “Cell Communication and Signaling”

FGF-9 speeds up the early development of certain organs, showing potential for organ regeneration.

research An eGFP-Col4a2 mouse model reveals basement membrane dynamics underlying hair follicle morphogenesis

December 2024 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

Basement membrane changes are crucial for hair follicle development.

Col4a2-eGFP Mouse Model Reveals the Molecular and Functional Dynamics of Basement Membrane Remodelling in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis

research Col4a2-eGFPmouse model reveals the molecular and functional dynamics of basement membrane remodelling in hair follicle morphogenesis

November 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Scientists made a mouse that shows how a specific protein in the skin changes and affects hair growth and shape.

research Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Ectodermal Precursor Cells Contribute to Hair Follicle Morphogenesis In Vivo

64 citations , January 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Human stem cells can help form hair follicles in mice.