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A more sensitive assay was developed to detect enzyme activity converting arginine to citrulline in hair follicles.

Genetic changes in specific proteins contribute to hair loss in some women of African descent.

PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.

A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.

Ca²⁺-mediated protein citrullination controls cell growth in the CNS and may help treat brain tumors.

Citrullinated proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis.

Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.

George Ernest Rogers was a notable scientist who made important discoveries about hair and wool proteins.

Trichohyalin and peptidylarginine deiminase type III are found together in rat hair follicles, with trichohyalin being modified after expression.

THH and PAD type III appear together early in hair growth, but deiminated THH appears later, suggesting another factor is involved.

PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.

PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.

PADs are crucial for healthy skin and hair, and their imbalance can cause skin and hair disorders.

Genetic variants in specific genes cause central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.

Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.

Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.

Inhibiting ALOX12 can help hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 citrullination.

A potential treatment for atopic dermatitis could be to increase PADI1 expression to improve skin barrier function.

Specific cross-linkages help make hair proteins stable and strong.

Genetic factors, especially PADI3 gene variants, contribute to CCCA in women of African descent.

Different PADI isoforms help cells develop diverse functions.

Scientists are still unsure what triggers the immune system to attack hair follicles in Alopecia areata.

Uncombable hair syndrome causes frizzy hair and can affect the nervous system, eyes, and ears, often co-occurring with other hair, skin, nail, and teeth conditions, and is linked to three specific gene mutations.

Histone demethylases can change gene expression and may be linked to diseases like cancer.

New protein changes may be involved in the immune attack on hair follicles in alopecia areata.

Understanding normal hair growth and loss in children is key to diagnosing and treating hair disorders.

The article suggests that targeting specific immune pathways could help control and treat the skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa.

Trichohyalin is also found in the outer layers of normal human skin.

Certain mutations in the PADI3 gene may increase the risk of developing a type of scarring hair loss common in women of African descent.