15 citations
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April 2008 in “Steroids” The more lipophilic the progesterone derivative, the better it binds to androgen receptors and has antiandrogenic effects.
May 2012 in “International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” Hair growth and development are controlled by complex signaling pathways.
6 citations
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January 2015 in “Biochemical Society Transactions” The Ysc84/SH3yl1 protein family is important for cell movement and the process of taking in materials by interacting with actin and cell membranes.
30 citations
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December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Steroids, particularly estrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors, affect blood vessel-related hair growth processes in hair follicle cells.
4 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” The mTOR pathway may be involved in the development of hair follicle tumors, with higher activity in malignant tumors.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease” PLA2R1 overexpression harms kidney cells by stopping their growth cycle.
138 citations
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April 2003 in “Carcinogenesis” 2-Methoxyestradiol causes cancer cell death by activating specific pathways, but androgens can block this effect.
68 citations
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November 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 blocks new hair growth after skin injury through the Gpr44 receptor.
5 citations
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October 2014 in “Methods” The document explains how to create detailed biological pathways using genomic data and tools, with examples of hair and breast development.
7 citations
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September 2019 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” Akt2 protein is essential for normal cell division in early mouse embryos.
83 citations
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July 2008 in “Current Opinion in Chemical Biology” The document concludes that understanding sulfation biology is crucial for creating treatments due to its importance in biological functions and disease.
68 citations
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September 1990 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” Minoxidil activates hair growth by being sulfated by P-PST in the human liver.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemistry” Finasteride breaks down into new compounds under acidic conditions.
8 citations
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July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.
11 citations
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August 2024 in “Nature Communications” Quiescent cells have increased mitochondrial activity and ECM gene expression, but reduced glycolysis.
January 2022 in “Figshare” Autophagy helps mouse glands stay healthy, prevents early aging, and maintains their oil and scent production.
Not having the gene PLAAT3 leads to fat loss, high insulin resistance, and abnormal fat levels in the blood due to a disruption in fat cell development and function.
Procyanidins and phosphatidic acids help promote hair growth.
3 citations
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September 2021 in “Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society” Dimeric peptide derivatives could help hair growth and treat hair loss safely.
11 citations
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May 2016 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology” A substance called 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 can cause hair follicle cells to die, which might explain how prostaglandin D2 can lead to hair loss.
August 2024 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics” A new compound, HTPI, promotes hair growth by protecting cells from damage and regulating energy use.
5 citations
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April 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Adjusting estradiol-ANGPT2 levels can promote hair growth in female pattern hair loss.
9 citations
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November 2012 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics” A compound from brown algae boosts the production of a certain inflammatory substance in skin cells.
Androgens increase norepinephrine release, promoting smooth muscle growth in male sex organs, which may contribute to benign prostatic hypertrophy.
April 2025 in “Journal of Skin and Stem Cell” PDRN from trout sperm helps skin and hair regeneration but is costly and complex to produce.
47 citations
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November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Surface-modified nanoparticles mainly use non-follicular pathways to enhance skin permeation of ibuprofen and could improve treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.
26 citations
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March 2006 in “Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders. Drug targets” This enzyme helps metabolize fatty acids and isoleucine, and could be key in treating neurological diseases and certain cancers.
54 citations
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October 2007 in “The FASEB Journal” Phospholipase C-δ1 is crucial for normal hair development.
June 2025 in “Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology” Papain from papaya may help treat cardiovascular diseases by breaking down fibrin.
42 citations
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May 1997 in “The Journal of Biochemistry” PAD type III enzyme is specific to rat skin and hair follicles.