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GlossaryPhosphorylation

addition of a phosphate group to a molecule

Phosphorylation is a biochemical process where a phosphate group is added to a molecule, such as a protein or a nucleotide. This modification can change the molecule's function, activity, or location, and is crucial in regulating various cellular processes, including metabolism, cell signaling, and growth. For example, in the context of hair biology, phosphorylation can influence the activity of proteins involved in hair growth and follicle development.

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research The complex relationship between TFEB transcription factor phosphorylation and subcellular localization

344 citations , May 2018 in “EMBO journal”

Phosphorylation controls TFEB's location in the cell, affecting cell metabolism and stress response.

Functional Identification of the Phosphorylation Sites of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED3 for Its Subcellular Localization and Biological Role

research Functional identification of the phosphorylation sites of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED3 for its subcellular localization and biological role

47 citations , April 2012 in “The Plant Journal”

Phosphorylation of certain parts of the PIN3 protein is crucial for its role in plant root growth and response to gravity.

research Ethanol-induced GABAA receptor alpha4 subunit plasticity involves phosphorylation and neuroactive steroids

11 citations , January 2016 in “Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience”

Chronic ethanol increases certain brain receptor levels, influenced by steroids and protein changes.

research Ethanol-induced GABAA receptor alpha4 subunit plasticity involves phosphorylation and neuroactive steroids

April 2020

Ethanol changes GABAA receptor α4 subunit levels through phosphorylation and neuroactive steroids.

research Wheat Sprout Extract Stimulates Cell Proliferation via Phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

June 2017 in “Yakakoeji/Yaghag hoeji”

Wheat sprout extract boosts hair cell growth by activating specific proteins.

research FLCN, a novel autophagy component, interacts with GABARAP and is regulated by ULK1 phosphorylation

60 citations , July 2014 in “Autophagy”

The protein FLCN is involved in cellular cleanup and is regulated by ULK1.

research HB-EGF Improves the Hair Regenerative Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via ROS Generation and Hck Phosphorylation

20 citations , December 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

HB-EGF boosts the hair growth ability of stem cells, making it a potential hair loss treatment.

research Enzymatic phosphorylation of hair keratin enhances fast adsorption of cationic moieties

11 citations , January 2016 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules”

Enzymatic phosphorylation of hair keratin improves the effectiveness of hair products with cationic ingredients.

research Expression and localization of Artemis serine 516 phosphorylation in human scalp skin

5 citations , August 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Artemis phosphorylation at Ser516 may help regulate skin and hair structures.

Epithelial Loss of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Leads to Disturbed Enamel and Impaired Dentin Matrix Formation in Postnatal Developed Mouse Incisor

research Epithelial loss of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to disturbed enamel and impaired dentin matrix formation in postnatal developed mouse incisor

3 citations , December 2020 in “Scientific reports”

Mitochondrial problems in tooth cells lead to bad enamel and dentin development in mice.

research Trichosanthes kirilowii Extract Promotes Wound Healing through the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in Keratinocytes

16 citations , October 2022 in “Biomimetics”

Trichosanthes kirilowii extract helps wounds heal faster.

research Androgens Regulate Tau Phosphorylation Through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Protein Kinase B–Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Signaling

14 citations , June 2022 in “Neuroscience”

research Copper Modulates Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation to Enhance Dermal Papilla Cells Proliferation in Rex Rabbits

12 citations , June 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Copper boosts cell growth in rabbit hair follicles.

CPK1 Activates CNGCs Through Phosphorylation for Calcium Signaling to Promote Root Hair Growth in Arabidopsis

research CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis

January 2025 in “Nature Communications”

CPK1 helps root hair growth in Arabidopsis by activating channels for calcium signaling.

research 1372 Modulation of YBX1 phosphorylation determines epidermal stem cell function

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Changing YBX1 protein activity affects skin stem cell function and aging.

MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

research MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

January 2023 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

A substance called miR-1246 may help treat severe hair loss by reducing certain immune cell activities.

research Uterus Hyperplasia and Increased Carcinogen-Induced Tumorigenesis in Mice Carrying a Targeted Mutation of the Chk2 Phosphorylation Site in Brca1

48 citations , October 2004 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology”

Mice with a specific BRCA1 mutation have a higher risk of tumors, especially in the uterus and ovaries.

research Androgens Induce Nongenomic Stimulation of Colonic Contractile Activity through Induction of Calcium Sensitization and Phosphorylation of LC20 and CPI-17

31 citations , March 2010 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Androgens like testosterone increase colon muscle contractions by affecting calcium pathways.

Inhibition of 5α-Reductase Impairs Cognitive Performance, Alters Dendritic Morphology, and Increases Tau Phosphorylation in the Hippocampus of Male 3xTg-AD Mice

research Inhibition of 5α Reductase Impairs Cognitive Performance, Alters Dendritic Morphology and Increases Tau Phosphorylation in the Hippocampus of Male 3xTg-AD Mice

13 citations , January 2020 in “Neuroscience”

Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.

research Polysaccharides from Traditional Chinese Medicines: Extraction, Purification, Modification, and Biological Activity

125 citations , December 2016 in “Molecules”

Substances from Chinese medicines show promise for immune support and disease prevention, but the way they are processed affects their effectiveness.

research Protein Kinase Cε, which Sensitizes Skin to Sun's UV Radiation–Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Associates with Stat3

76 citations , February 2007 in “Cancer Research”

Protein Kinase Cε increases skin sensitivity to UV damage and skin cancer risk.

research Keratin 17 in disease pathogenesis: from cancer to dermatoses

62 citations , October 2018 in “Journal of pathology”

Keratin 17 is linked to various diseases, including cancer and skin conditions, and may be a target for diagnosis and treatment.

research Genetic Analysis of Androgen Receptors in Development and Disease

44 citations , January 1999 in “Advances in pharmacology”

The document concludes that the androgen receptor's structure and function are complex, affecting how it regulates genes and is involved in diseases like prostate cancer.

research Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex

40 citations , November 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Mutant keratins cause inflammation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, suggesting targeting them could help treat the disorder.

research Evidence for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-independent Transactivation by the Vitamin D Receptor

36 citations , February 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

The vitamin D receptor can work without its usual activating molecule.

research VEGF165 modulates proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation of cultured human outer root sheath cells from central hair follicle epithelium through VEGFR-2 activation in vitro

35 citations , October 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

VEGF165 influences hair follicle cell growth and movement through VEGFR-2 activation.

research Interleukin-25-Mediated-IL-17RB Upregulation Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice by Improving Endothelial Cell Functions

34 citations , January 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

IL-25 helps heal diabetic wounds by improving blood vessel and skin cell functions.

research The Additive Effects of Minoxidil and Retinol on Human Hair Growth in Vitro

32 citations , January 2007 in “Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin”

Minoxidil and retinol together help hair grow.

Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 in a Growth- and Stress-Dependent Fashion

research Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in a Growth- and Stress-dependent Fashion

30 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Keratin 17 is modified by RSK1 in response to growth and stress, affecting skin growth and stress response.

research Identification of the keratin-associated protein 13-3 (KAP13-3) gene in sheep

26 citations , January 2011 in “Open Journal of Genetics”

The KAP13-3 gene in sheep affects wool quality by influencing keratin assembly.