43 citations
,
April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
May 2022 in “Clinical Epigenetics” A mother's iron levels early in pregnancy can influence the DNA makeup of her child, potentially affecting the child's health.
13 citations
,
May 2007 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Synthetic 19-norprogestins promote bone cell growth and function through their non-phenolic metabolites.
January 2026 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Letrozole with lifestyle changes improves fertility in women with PCOS.
16 citations
,
January 2012 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” The study suggests certain ACE gene variations are more common in women with PCOS and may be linked to increased insulin resistance.
3 citations
,
October 1993 in “Endocrinology” December 2015 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Estrogen speeds up hair follicle cell death, causing early hair growth cycle changes, but only if a specific receptor is present.
23 citations
,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” New pregnane derivatives are effective at inhibiting an enzyme linked to hair loss and reducing oil gland activity.
More research is needed to confirm if vitamin D helps improve pregnancy rates in women with hyperandrogenic PCOS.
9 citations
,
January 2023 in “Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences” Botulinum toxin A can help improve thin endometrium and embryo implantation.
January 2013 in “Reproductive Biology”
March 2026 in “Inflammopharmacology” Ursolic acid from Ochrosia elliptica leaves may help manage PCOS symptoms.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” Chemotherapy significantly lowers Inhibin A levels in breast cancer patients.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
January 2025 in “Iraqi Journal of Science” PDCD4 protein levels, affected by genetics and breastfeeding, may predict breast cancer treatment response.
7 citations
,
March 2011 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety” Exemestane is effective and safe for treating certain breast cancers, with mild side effects, but needs more research on long-term effects.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, which could be a new target for treating hair loss and other skin conditions driven by testosterone.
4 citations
,
March 2018 in “Systems biology in reproductive medicine” Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.
11 citations
,
January 1992 in “PubMed” TGF-beta 1 and IGF-II mRNA have specific patterns in pig subcutaneous tissue, affecting fat and muscle development.
49 citations
,
March 2018 in “Toxicological sciences” Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.
March 2026 in “Adipocyte” Spt4 and Spt6 are essential for fat cell development.
56 citations
,
November 2007 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Two enzymes regulate androgen receptor activity, affecting treatments for androgen insufficiency and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
May 2025 in “Neuropharmacology” Finasteride reduced seizures and prevented cognitive issues in rats after neonatal asphyxia but increased anxiety later.
31 citations
,
January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
January 2009 in “Xiandai huagong” Finasteride was successfully synthesized from Pregnadienolone acetate.
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November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Different types of PPARγ are found in varying amounts in human skin and its parts, which could affect how skin treatments work.
179 citations
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May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” High levels of 3 alpha-diol glucuronide in the blood are a marker of increased androgen action in women with excessive hair growth of unknown cause.
58 citations
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June 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.
45 citations
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August 2010 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Type 3 5α-reductase is more common and finasteride and dutasteride strongly inhibit it.