23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
19 citations
,
November 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone may affect COVID-19 severity differently in men and women, potentially influencing prevention and treatment strategies.
18 citations
,
October 2020 in “Radiation Research” Some drugs may help treat both COVID-19 and radiation injury.
16 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
11 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Africa's low COVID-19 rates may be linked to early measures and possibly higher estrogen levels in women.
5 citations
,
July 2021 in “medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Proxalutamide improved blood markers related to inflammation, immune response, and clotting in COVID-19 patients, potentially reducing hospitalizations.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “Genetics and Molecular Biology” COVID-19 treatments and vaccines face challenges due to genetic differences in people and the virus.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Androgens and a high-fat diet may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in women with PCOS by upregulating certain proteins in the heart and kidneys.
5 citations
,
December 2022 in “Viruses” Antiandrogens may help prevent or treat COVID-19 by blocking virus entry into cells.
25 citations
,
June 2023 in “Biomedicines” Men generally face more severe COVID-19 outcomes than women, partly due to hormonal differences.
13 citations
,
September 2023 in “Medical Gas Research” Nitric oxide may help treat COVID-19 pneumonia by fighting the virus and easing symptoms.
1 citations
,
January 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The AndroCoV Clinical Scoring is an accurate, easy, and free way to diagnose COVID-19 without a lab test.
January 2024 in “Future postharvest and food” Frankincense may help treat COVID-19, but more research is needed.
42 citations
,
July 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Proxalutamide significantly lowered hospital admissions for male COVID-19 patients compared to a placebo.
14 citations
,
June 2020 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Global collaboration in dermatology improved data sharing and patient care during COVID-19.
9 citations
,
July 2021 in “Essays in Biochemistry” Sex hormones may influence COVID-19 severity, with males at higher risk, and certain hormone therapies could potentially treat the virus.
8 citations
,
July 2023 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Cepharanthine shows promise as a COVID-19 treatment.
6 citations
,
January 2024 in “Cancers” Antiandrogens don't help with COVID-19 and aren't recommended.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Gender and social factors, not just biology, affect COVID-19 death rates.
6 citations
,
December 2022 in “Journal of Infection” The ACE1 gene variant doesn't affect long-COVID symptoms.
19 citations
,
December 2021 in “Cureus” Proxalutamide improved recovery, lowered death rates, and reduced hospital stay for COVID-19 patients.
2 citations
,
October 2020 in “Annals of Oncology” Androgen deprivation therapy might help prevent severe COVID-19, but more research is needed.
2 citations
,
October 2020 in “Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences” Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are not recommended for COVID-19 treatment due to insufficient evidence and safety concerns.
52 citations
,
March 2022 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have stronger immune responses to COVID-19 than males, leading to better outcomes.
16 citations
,
March 2022 in “Journal of Infection” Booster doses of Covaxin improve protection against the Omicron variant.
17 citations
,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Reprogramming macrophages to resolve inflammation can help reduce severe COVID-19 complications.
8 citations
,
August 2022 in “Microorganisms” A standardized drug development platform is essential for efficient and effective drug repurposing, especially during pandemics.
1 citations
,
March 2022 in “Irish Journal of Medical Science” Men with androgenetic alopecia and hypertension may experience more severe COVID-19.
22 citations
,
September 2021 in “Journal of Personalized Medicine” The pandemic worsened physical and mental challenges for women with PCOS.
14 citations
,
April 2022 in “Molecules” Pulmonary delivery of cepharanthine significantly improves its effectiveness and shows promise for treating lung fibrosis linked to COVID-19.