21 citations
,
February 2003 in “Hormones and Behavior” Androgens boost certain nest-building behaviors and greatly reduce food intake in rabbits.
27 citations
,
April 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” DHT deficiency can disrupt cell connections in rat testes, possibly affecting fertility.
9 citations
,
January 2017 in “Archives of biochemistry and biophysics” Testosterone raises blood pressure and changes kidney protein levels.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
21 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Anastrozole and cyproterone acetate treatment can help increase adult height in boys with testotoxicosis.
48 citations
,
February 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” 5α-reductase inhibitors may reduce male fertility and could be used for male contraception.
December 1981 in “Pediatric Research” January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Male pattern baldness may indicate arterial stiffness in transgender men on long-term testosterone therapy.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Biology and medicine” High testosterone levels in 20% of the women studied may indicate PCOS, while 80% had low levels with potential health impacts.
January 2003 in “Zhonghua shiyan waike zazhi” Androgen, especially DHT, is crucial for erectile function in rats by affecting specific brain neurons.
May 2007 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride lowers PSA levels in men, certain factors increase testicular cancer risk, and current guidelines for penile cancer may lead to unnecessary surgeries.
January 2025 in “HORMONES” Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.
July 2024 in “Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal” Hormonal therapy for transgender individuals carries health risks but is a personal choice.
August 2020 in “Current psychopharmacology” Pregnancy and nursing increase certain brain activities in rats, but these changes disappear when the babies are taken away.
60 citations
,
December 1988 in “Journal of Biochemical Toxicology” TCDD reduces EGF receptors in the liver, affecting growth and development.
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
18 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Some skin medications can harm male fertility, but they don't seem to cause birth defects from father's exposure.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
4 citations
,
December 2014 in “PubMed” Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.
January 2024 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Treating early puberty with hormone therapy may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults.
98 citations
,
July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy improved symptoms in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
3 citations
,
May 2016 in “Behavioural Brain Research” Finasteride given to baby rats reduces dopamine release and increases alcohol consumption in adult males.
21 citations
,
January 2021 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.
28 citations
,
November 2017 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Testosterone and its byproducts help support male sexual behavior through different pathways in the brain and body.
February 2023 in “Vaccines” COVID-19 may harm male reproductive health and lower testosterone levels, potentially affecting fertility and causing erectile dysfunction. More research is needed.
2 citations
,
December 2017 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone increases acidification in the vas deferens by up-regulating V-ATPase.
May 2026 in “Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology” Hair analysis can effectively assess long-term hormone activity in young children.
January 2014 in “edoc (University of Basel)” Anabolic steroids and inflammation can disrupt androgen metabolism, potentially causing health issues.