Finasteride improves hair but may reduce sperm quality at higher doses.
506 citations
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March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
4 citations
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January 2012 in “International Journal of Cardiology” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) worsens heart enlargement, and blocking it may help prevent heart issues.
Finasteride may affect female fertility by altering gene activity.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
8 citations
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July 2017 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” DHT affects testicular development and regulates spermatogenesis in some fish.
20 citations
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April 2012 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride causes lasting fertility decrease in rats.
86 citations
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February 2009 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Pregnancy increases certain GABAA receptors in rat brains, influenced by steroid levels.
92 citations
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November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
50 citations
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April 2010 in “Biology direct” Low androgen levels might delay prostate cancer but could lead to more aggressive, therapy-resistant cancers.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone therapy improves strength and body composition in older men with low testosterone.
5 citations
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January 1989 Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone slow hair cell growth, while estradiol has no effect.
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Lifestyle changes and environmental strategies can help address declining testosterone levels.
5 citations
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July 2024 in “Minerva Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender individuals can increase the risk of erythrocytosis.
10 citations
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February 2017 in “European journal of neuroscience/EJN. European journal of neuroscience” The availability of certain hormones and specific stimulation patterns affect long-term synaptic changes in the male rat brain.
April 2026 in “Research Square” COVID-19 can harm male fertility by reducing sperm stem cells and damaging testicular function.
2 citations
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February 2021 in “Brain Research” Testosterone affects blood pressure control and inflammation in male rats with endotoxic shock, and blocking certain hormones may help treat it.
11 citations
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November 1982 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Testosterone and some of its forms can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in skin.
55 citations
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March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.
16 citations
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September 1964 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” New compounds can block testosterone effects in rats and might help treat conditions like prostate cancer and acne.
8 citations
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February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
176 citations
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August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
6 citations
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March 2009 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine” Finasteride use during early pregnancy may cause limb deformities in babies.
42 citations
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August 1972 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood” Fetal exposure to diazoxide can cause hair loss and abnormal hair growth in infants.
19 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” July 2023 in “Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal/Maǧallaẗ Asyūṭ al-ṭibiyyaẗ al-baytariyyaẗ” Antiandrogens help improve developmental delays caused by valproic acid in rats.
24 citations
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January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.