April 2009 in “The FASEB Journal” More research is needed on the safety of fathers' drug exposure before conception.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
10 citations
,
December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
2 citations
,
July 2021 in “Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Exposure to the hair loss drug finasteride during pregnancy can cause genital anomalies in male babies, but not in female babies. It's best to avoid this drug in women who could potentially become pregnant.
February 2010 in “ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)” Male sexual differentiation is regulated independently, while female differentiation occurs in an androgenic environment, affecting conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica” Finasteride treatment in male rats can reduce fertility and affect sperm development in their offspring.
3 citations
,
February 2018 in “Human Reproduction” A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.
63 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
9 citations
,
March 2023 in “Chemosphere” Certain pesticides may delay sexual maturity in teenage boys.
35 citations
,
September 2009 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Early-life neurosteroid changes affect adolescent exploration and adult behavior.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
November 2010 in “International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience”
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “International journal of endocrinology” Dihydrotestosterone changes some hormone-related gene expressions in rat pituitary glands but doesn't affect the estrous cycle.
53 citations
,
January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
10 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Testosterone affects stress hormone levels differently in adolescent and adult male rats.
August 2018 in “Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)” Adolescent male rats release more stress hormones than adults, and testosterone affects them differently.
August 2025 in “International Journal of Cancer” Childhood and adult height, and early immune-related hospitalizations increase testicular cancer risk, while baldness, larger families, and sports reduce it.
1 citations
,
January 2005 in “Research Portal (King's College London)” Finasteride and DEHP exposure during development can change reproductive markers in rats.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
2 citations
,
March 2017 in “The Australian and New Zealand journal of obstetrics and gynaecology” We need better information on how fathers' exposures affect pregnancy.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” A woman's increased hair growth during pregnancy due to PCOS resolved after delivery.
19 citations
,
March 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone and letrozole treatment speeds up puberty in boys with delayed development.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Environmental Toxicology” Exposure to low doses of finasteride in the womb causes changes in the prostate of both male and female gerbils.
21 citations
,
December 1977 in “Journal of pediatric surgery” Individuals with male pseudohermaphroditism often do better raised as females with early surgery.
November 2023 in “JAAD case reports” Exogenous testosterone use may be linked to developing hidradenitis suppurativa.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
17 citations
,
April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
60 citations
,
December 1988 in “Journal of Biochemical Toxicology” TCDD reduces EGF receptors in the liver, affecting growth and development.
January 2013 in “Reproductive Biology”