2 citations
,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
4 citations
,
August 2019 Higher free testosterone levels can increase bone density and decrease body fat but may raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate enlargement.
4 citations
,
March 2019 in “JAT. Journal of applied toxicology/Journal of applied toxicology” PFOS exposure disrupts hormone levels and enzyme activities in juvenile frogs, affecting males and females differently.
50 citations
,
May 2018 in “International journal of cardiology” Testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, but its exact role is unclear.
9 citations
,
July 2007 in “PubMed” Atrazine causes birth defects in rats, and finasteride can reliably create a hypospadias model.
39 citations
,
January 2019 in “The World Journal of Men's Health” Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.
16 citations
,
June 2022 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Reducing phthalate exposure may help prevent early puberty in girls.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
8 citations
,
February 2014 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
January 2025 in “International Journal Of Scientific Advances” Topical testosterone can cause acne-like skin changes.
18 citations
,
September 1972 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” PCPA induces hypersexual behavior in male rats regardless of age or castration status.
31 citations
,
January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
4 citations
,
May 2019 in “Biology open” Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.
17 citations
,
February 2014 in “Pediatric Research” 7 citations
,
January 1986 in “Prenatal Diagnosis” Fetal skin biopsy can help diagnose protein-related disorders before birth.
18 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Some skin medications can harm male fertility, but they don't seem to cause birth defects from father's exposure.
April 2020 in “The FASEB Journal” Testosterone increases heart and blood pressure issues in rats with endotoxemia, and stopping testosterone production can reduce these problems.
27 citations
,
May 2008 in “Neuroscience” Finasteride given to baby rats causes anxiety-like behavior and worsens learning from punishment in adult rats.
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.
June 2026 in “Scientific Reports” Testosterone makes XX skin more like male skin by changing its structure and cell makeup.
3 citations
,
June 2018 in “International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy” Baby born healthy despite mom taking finasteride, but more research needed.
51 citations
,
July 2013 in “Brain Research” Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.
12 citations
,
January 2016 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” Testosterone therapy improved physical and social health in a male with 49,XXXXY syndrome.
20 citations
,
March 1975 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.
10 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Allopregnanolone increases KCC2 expression in baby male rats' brains, while finasteride doesn't affect it.
6 citations
,
January 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Finasteride-treated male rats' offspring had altered glucose metabolism, potentially increasing diabetes risk.
3 citations
,
March 2025 in “Endocrine Connections” Higher DHT levels are linked to more acne in adolescents, especially boys.
January 2026 in “Hormones and Behavior” Pregnancy affects fear memory and brain activity in female rats.
136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.